微生物菌剂对马铃薯黑痣病和黄萎病的防治效果

Control efficacy of microbial agents on potato black scurf and Verticillium wilt

【目的】明确微生物菌剂对马铃薯黑痣病、黄萎病土传病害田间防治效果和产量的影响。【方法】试验采用随机区组设计,设置哈茨木霉菌可湿性粉剂、解淀粉芽孢杆菌悬浮剂、内生芽孢杆菌菌剂、枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂和不施微生物菌剂(CK)5个处理。苗期调查马铃薯出苗率,收获期记录马铃薯黑痣病、黄萎病的发病情况及产量,分析不同处理马铃薯出苗率、防治效果及产量的差异。【结果】4种微生物菌剂都未影响马铃薯出苗,出苗率均在95.00%以上;对马铃薯黑痣病的防效优于对马铃薯黄萎病的防效。4种供试药剂对马铃薯黑痣病防治效果为54.56%~65.01%,对马铃薯黄萎病防治效果为24.89%~41.34%,增产率为5.41%~13.39%。解淀粉芽孢杆菌悬浮剂对马铃薯黑痣病和黄萎病的防效分别为60.08%和41.34%,增产率为8.95%;内生芽孢杆菌菌剂对马铃薯黑痣病和黄萎病的防效分别为65.01%和32.12%,增产率为13.39%。【结论】解淀粉芽孢杆菌悬浮剂和内生芽孢杆菌菌剂对马铃薯黑痣病、黄萎病的防治效果和增产效果较好,可作为防控马铃薯土传病害的生防菌剂。

【Objective】To clarify the effect of microbial agents on the control efficacy of potato black scurf and Verticillium wilt in field and the yield of potatoes.【Methods】Using randomized blocks design,five treatments were set up including Trichoderma harzianum WP,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC,Endophytic Bacillus spp.agent,Bacillus subtilis microbial agent and no agent application(CK).Potato seedling emergence rate was investigated in seedling stage.The diseases incidence of potato black scurf and Verticillium wilt and yield were recorded in harvest period.The differences in potato emergence rate,control efficacy,and yield among different treatments were analyzed.【Results】All the four microbial agents did not affect the seedling of potatoes with seedling emergence rate all above 95.00%.The control efficacy on potato black scurf was better than that on potato Verticillium wilt.The four microbial agents had control efficacy ranging from 54.56%to 65.01%on potato black scurf,24.89%to 41.34%on potato Verticillium wilt,and 5.41%to 13.39%for yield increase rate.Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC had control efficacy of 60.08%and 41.34%on potato black scurf and Verticillium wilt,respectively,and yield increase rate at 8.95%.The control efficacy of Endophytic Bacillus spp.agent on potato black scurf and Verticillium wilt were 65.01%and 32.12%,respectively,with yield increase rate at 13.39%.【Conclusion】Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC and Endophytic Bacillus spp.agent had better control efficacy on potato black scurf and Verticillium wilt with good yield increase as well,could be used as biocontrol agents for potato soil-borne disease.