拮抗酵母菌的筛选鉴定、生物学特性及其对葡萄灰霉病菌的抑菌活性研究

Screening,Identification,Biological Characteristics of Yeast Strains and Their Antifungal Activities against Botrytis cinerea

本研究以葡萄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea为靶标菌,筛选获得2株拮抗酵母菌G17515和G31887,经形态学和分子生物学方法分别鉴定为Starmerella bacillaris和Meyerozyma caribbica(卡利比克迈耶氏酵母)。菌株G17515和G31887的培养温度为20℃~30℃(最佳培养温度为30℃),pH值为pH 5.0~7.0(最佳pH 6.0),NaCl浓度为0.1%~5%(最佳NaCl浓度为0.1%)。酵母菌G17515和G31887发酵液可以明显抑制葡萄灰霉病菌丝的生长,其抑制率分别为80.86%和69.05%,并且导致菌丝和孢子形态发生异常。离体接种试验结果表明,这2株酵母菌可显著抑制葡萄灰霉病菌斑的扩展,对葡萄叶片灰霉病抑制率分别为64.21%和57.22%,对果实灰霉病的生防效果分别为48.56%和77.13%。综上所述,S.bacillaris G17515和M.caribbica G31887对葡萄灰霉病具有显著的抑制效果,有望作为防治葡萄灰霉病的菌株资源。

Two antagonistic strains G17515 and G31887 were screened out,which showed good biocontrol activities against Botrytis cinerea.The two yeast strains were identified as Starmerella bacillaris and Meyerozyma caribbica by morphological observation and phylogenetic tree analysis.The cultural conditions of G17515 and G31887 were as follows:20℃—30℃(optimum 30℃),pH 5—7(optimum pH 6.0)and 0.1%—5%NaCl(optimum 0.1%).The results of in vitro culture showed that two antagonistic strains G17515 and G31887 could significantly inhibit the mycelial growth of B.cinerea,which inhibit rates were 80.86%and 69.05%,respectively.And the two strains also caused abnormalities in mycelium and spore morphology of B.cinerea.Furthermore,G17515 and G31887 could inhibit the expansion of B.cinerea on grape leaves and fruits.Their inhibitory efficiency on grape leaves reached 64.21%and 57.22%,respectively.And their biocontrol efficiency on grape fruits were 48.56%and 77.13%,respectively.In conclusion,S.bacillaris G17515 and M.caribbica G31887 showed inhibitory effects on B.cinerea,which is expected to be a strain resource for controlling gray mold disease on grapes.