高密度电法在铜山口矿区岩溶塌陷勘察中的应用

Application of high-density electrical method in karst collapse investigation in Tongshankou mining area

岩溶地面塌陷是岩溶地区因岩溶作用而发生的一种引起地面变形、破坏的地质灾害,是目前国内较为常见的地质灾害之一,性质上多表现为突发性和爆发性。该类地质灾害发生后,往往需要在很短的时间做出全面、准确的灾害评定,这就对地质灾害的快速、精细化探测提出了非常高的要求。高密度电法集合了电剖面和电测深的优点,可以选取多种装置,采用集中布点,一次测量,根据不同地质情况,选取合适的测量方式,可以得到更多的二维地电断面,测量的数据量大、精度高、速度快,是覆盖型岩溶地区查明岩溶塌陷成因的最有效的物探方法之一,在岩溶勘察中发挥着重要作用。近年来陈贵镇铜山口矿区内发生多次塌陷,河水沿塌陷坑往地下大量倒灌,直接威胁大冶有色金属公司铜山口铜矿的安全生产,给周围居民的生产生活带来威胁,本文以铜山口矿区地面塌陷勘察为实例,运用高密度电法结合区内地质、水文特征找到多处存在塌陷的隐患区,后经钻探验证,隐患区内均见到不同程度的岩溶发育,说明高密度电法在矿区岩溶塌陷勘察中是一种行之有效的方法。

Karst ground collapse is a kind of geological disaster which causes ground deformation and destruction due to karstification in karst area.It is one of the more common geological disasters in China at present,and most of them are sudden and explosive in nature.After the occurrence of Karst ground collapse,it is often necessary to make a comprehensive and accurate disaster assessment in a very short time,which puts forward a very high requirement for the rapid and fine detection of geological disasters.High-density electrical method combines the advantages of electrical profile and sounding.It can select a variety of devices,adopt centralized distribution of points,one measurement.It can get more two-dimensional geoelectric sections by choosing appropriate surveying methods according to different geological conditions.It is one of the most effective geophysical prospecting methods to identify the cause of karst collapse in covered karst areas because of its advantages of large amount of data,high precision and fast speed.It plays an important role in karst exploration.