石家庄市大气细颗粒物对糖尿病患者住院风险影响的病例交叉研究

A case-crossover study on the effect of fine particulate matter on the risk of hospitalization in patients with diabetes mellitus in Shijiazhuang

目的探讨石家庄市大气细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,PM_(2.5))对糖尿病患者住院风险的影响。方法收集2019-2021年石家庄市大气污染物浓度、气象因素及糖尿病住院患者的相关资料。开展时间分层病例交叉研究,分别利用单污染物模型、双污染物模型及分层分析探究PM_(2.5)对糖尿病患者住院风险的影响。结果共收集14756例糖尿病患者住院资料。单污染物模型结果显示,PM_(2.5)对糖尿病患者住院风险的影响在lag 01时达到最大,其日均浓度每升高1个IQR(38.750μg/m^(3)),糖尿病患者住院风险所对应的OR值为1.044(95%CI:1.019~1.070,P=0.001)。分层分析结果显示,PM_(2.5)对男性糖尿病患者住院风险高于女性,PM_(2.5)对年龄<60岁人群的糖尿病患者住院风险高于≥60岁人群,处于采暖期的糖尿病患者住院风险高于非采暖期,差异有统计学意义(P=0.035)。结论石家庄市PM_(2.5)浓度升高可导致糖尿病患者入院风险增加。

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))on the risk of diabetes hospitalization in Shijiazhuang City.Methods We collected the relevant data of air pollutant concentration,meteorological factors and diabetes inpatients in Shijiazhuang from 2019 to 2021.A time-stratified case crossover study was conducted to explore the effect of atmospheric PM_(2.5) on hospitalization risk of diabetes patients using single pollutant model,double pollutant model and stratified analysis,respectively.Results A total of 14756 hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus were included in this study.The results of the single pollutant model showed that the association of each IQR increase in PM_(2.5) concentration on diabetes hospitalization reached the maximum at lag 01[OR value(95%CI):1.044(1.019-1.070),P=0.001].Stratified analysis revealed that PM_(2.5) posed a higher hospitalization risk in male diabetic patients compared to females,in patients<60 years compared to those 60 years and older,and in diabetic patients during the heating period compared to the non-heating period.And all the differences were statistically significant(P=0.035).Conclusions The increase of PM_(2.5) concentration can lead to an increased risk of diabetes hospitalization in Shijiazhuang City.