基于基因组学的高海拔适应研究进展

RESEA RCH PROGRESS OFHIGH ALTITUDEADAPTATION BASED ON GENOMICS

关于生物适应性机制的研究一直被学者重视,生物的适应性体现为不同环境的影响下,物种为提高存活率而演化出不同的表型,如生理、形态、组织、行为等。随着分子生物学和分析技术的发展,更多复杂性状的调控被发现并研究,这对于分析基因型和表型的关联以及生物多样性的研究有重大意义。在高海拔环境下生存的生物在极端恶劣环境下经历了漫长的自然选择后,各自有不同程度的表型和通过遗传的适应。本文从基因组学的角度入手,详细对高海拔地区生物的遗传与适应机制方面进行了阐述,以期对相关领域的研究提供参考和对未来高海拔生物适应机制研究奠定基础。

The study on the mechanism of biological adaptability has been attached great importance by scholars.The adaptability of organisms is rflected in the evolution of different phenotypes,such as physiology,morphology,organization and behavior,in order to improve the survival rate under the infuence of different environments.With the development of molecular biology and analytical techniques,the regulation of more complex traits has been discovered and studied,which is of great significance for the analysis of the association between genotype and phenotype and the study of biodiversity.Organisms living at high altitudes have different phenotypes and genetic adaptations after long periods of natural selection in extremely harsh environments.In this paper,from the perspective of genomics,the genetic and adaptive mechanisms of organisms at high altitude were elaborated in detail,in order to provide reference for the research in related fields and lay a foundation for future studies on the adaptive mechanisms of organisms at high altitude.