外泌体miRNA在感染性疾病治疗中的应用研究进展

Research progress of exosome miRNA in the treatment of infectious diseases

外泌体是直径为30~150 nm的细胞外囊泡,由各种细胞类型分泌,包括病原体感染的细胞,其内部富含母细胞来源的蛋白质、mRNA、miRNA、lncRNA等物质,并且具有向受体细胞递送信号的关键作用。外泌体中的miRNA是当前研究的热点之一,miRNA被外泌体包裹而免受降解,可以随外泌体转运到机体各个部位与靶细胞相互作用,调节靶细胞的生物学过程。外泌体miRNA在感染性疾病的发展过程中扮演重要角色,可以促进宿主细胞对病原体的免疫应答,增强免疫细胞的功能,具有抗感染作用。本文就外泌体miRNA在感染性疾病中作为治疗剂和治疗靶点的潜在应用做一综述,为外泌体miRNA的临床应用提供理论依据。

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30-150nm,which are secreted by various cell types,including cells infected by pathogens.The exosomes are rich in selected protein,mRNA,miRNA,lncRNA and other substances,and play a key role in delivering goods to recipient cells.MiRNA in exosomes is one of the hot spots in current research.miRNA is wrapped by exosomes and protected from degradation.It can be transported to various parts of the body with exosomes to interact with target cells and regulate the biological process of target cells.Exogenous miRNA plays an important role in the development of infectious diseases,which can promote the immune response of host cells to pathogens,enhance the function of immune cells and have anti-infection effect.In this paper,the potential application of exosome miRNA as a therapeutic agent and therapeutic target in infectious diseases is reviewed,so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical application of exosome miRNA.