平定县柏井古村传统民居窑洞的营造特征分析

Construction Characteristics of Traditional Dwelling Cave of Baijing Ancient Village in Pingding County based on Finite Element Analysis

目前国内对传统窑洞民居营造技艺的研究多停留在田野调查的定性阶段,缺乏跨学科的定量研究。基于对示范工作期间的平定县柏井古村的田野调查,通过测绘、建模复原营造技艺的方式,从民居承重、围护结构视角总结了土窑、“偷碹”窑洞、“明碹”横窑、“明碹”顺窑及碹砌窑洞时的流程,并通过ABAQUS软件进行有限元模拟,探寻偷碹窑洞技艺以及明碹横竖窑规律和特征。研究柏井古村窑洞营造特征可为今后传统民居的保护和发展提供参考,并对晋东风土建筑谱系提供丰富的资料。

At present,the domestic research on traditional cave dwelling construction techniques mostly stays in the qualitative stage of field investigation,lacking interdisciplinary quantitative research.This study is based on the field investigation of Baijing Ancient Village in Pingding County during the demonstration work.Through surveying and mapping,modeling and restoration of construction techniques,from the perspective of residential load-bearing and envelope structure,it summarizes the process of earth cave,"stealing arch"cave,"Mingxuan"horizontal cave,"Mingxuan"vertical cave.The finite element simulation is carried out by ABAQus software to explore the technique of stealing arch cave and the law and characteristics of the horizontal and vertical kiln.The study of the construction features of the cave dwellings in Baijing ancient village can provide valuable reference for the preservation and development of traditional dwelings in the future,and also offer abundant information for the architectural lineageofvernaculararchitecture ineasternShanxi.