近代江南族谱中的太平天国战争记忆与书写——以常州府武进县的四个家族为例

Memories and Writings of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War in Early Modern Genealogies in the Jiangnan Region-A Case Study of Four Families in Wujin County,Changzhou Prefecture

咸丰十年(1860),常州府成为太平天国战争主战场之一。战争结束后,当地各家族通过重建祠堂、续修族谱等方式,恢复被破坏的生活秩序。族谱遂成为记录战乱时期民众生活图景和心理状态的重要载体。通过对比分析不同家族在各个历史时期的族谱可以看出,社会阶层和政治话语对家族史的构建产生了重要影响。龙溪盛氏、毗陵庄氏等当地望族的族谱中透露着鲜明的忠义观念,而陆庄陆氏、横林许氏的族谱更多揭示出民众在动荡时局中的生存困境。相同的是,由于政治禁忌,在晚清族谱中,数量众多的太平天国信随者的声音湮没无闻。民国后,官方和社会肯定太平天国的革命意义,一些太平军参与者的事迹才浮现出来,从讳莫如深的往事变成家族史的光辉。

In the 10th year of the Xianfeng reign,Changzhou Prefecture became one of the main battlefields of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War.After the war,local families in the area restored the disrupted social order through rebuilding ancestral halls and updating genealogical records.Genealogies thus became important carriers for recording the life scenes and psychological states of the people during the war.Through comparative analysis of genealogies from different families in various historical periods,it can be observed that social class and political discourse had significant influences on the construction of family histories.The genealogies of local prominent families like the Sheng clan from Longxi and the Zhuang clan from Piling reveal distinct conceptions of loyalty and righteousness,while the genealogies of the Lu clan from Luzhuang and the Xu clan from Henglin shed light on the survival challenges faced by the common people during the turbulent times.Similarly,due to political taboos,the voices of numerous followers of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom were silenced in the genealogies of the late Qing Dynasty.It was not until the Republic of China that the revolutionary significance of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was acknowledged by the government and society and the deeds of some Taiping Army participants began to be mentioned,transforming the once secretive past into a glorious part offamily history.