操纵体育比赛违规处理的“两段式程序”及其合法性挑战

"Two-stage Process"of Match-fixing Violation and the Challenge to Its Legitimacy

以“两段式程序”的建立发展为时间轴线,结合欧足联、亚足联适用“两段式程序”在国际体育仲裁院(Court of Arbitration for Sport,CAS)先后遭遇法不溯及既往、一事不再罚原则的挑战,通过“波尔图案”“费内巴切案”“艾斯基沙希案”“老挝丰田案”等案件深度分析“两段式程序”的制度构造及其存在的问题。发现:“两段式程序”彰显了体育组织打击操纵体育比赛、维护赛事诚信的决心,但也存在制度设计中多处悖反第1阶段措施性质定位、两阶段措施之间连接松散、适用情况单一等问题。为更好地顺应全球体育发展趋势,建议:中国足球协会应将“两段式程序”相关内容纳入反操纵体育比赛教育,完善操纵体育比赛相关规则;中国体育仲裁委员会应加强对体育组织规则制度的合法性审查。

With the establishment of the"two-stage process"as the timeline,the structure and problems of the"two-stage process"are analyzed through the FC Porto case,Fenerbahçe case,Eskişehirspor case and Lao Toyota case,combining with the challenges from non-retroactivity and Ne bis in idem when UEFA and AFC applied it and appealed to CAS.It has been found that the"two-stage process"demonstrates the determination of sports organizations to crack down on match-fixing and maintain the integrity of competitions.However,there are also many problems including the conflicts between institutional arrangements and the nature of the measures in the first stage,the loose connection between the measures in the two stages and the monotonous application,etc.Suggestions for Chinese Football Association,in order to better adapt to the global trend of sports,are to incorporate the relevant content of the"two-stage process"into match-fixing prevention education and improve the rules related to match-fixing.In the meanwhile CCAS is recommended to strengthen the legality review of the sports organization rules system.