早产儿发生支气管肺发育不良的危险因素分析

Analysis of risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants

目的分析早产儿发生支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的危险因素,为早期预防和干预提供依据。方法53例胎龄≤32周的早产儿,根据诊断结果分为BPD组(20例)和非BPD组(33例)。比较两组早产儿的临床资料及母亲孕期情况,分析早产儿发生BPD的危险因素。结果BPD组胎龄(28.33±2.02)周、出生体重(1034.62±298.68)g小于非BPD组的(30.96±1.13)周、(1394.00±188.27)g,绒毛膜羊膜炎发生率60.00%高于非BPD组的15.15%,血清维生素K2水平(0.65±0.29)ng/ml低于非BPD组的(0.97±0.44)ng/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);BPD组妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病、胎膜早破发生率及血清25羟维生素D[25-(OH)D]、血清磷水平与非BPD组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,胎龄、绒毛膜羊膜炎为早产儿发生BPD的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论胎龄、出生体重、绒毛膜羊膜炎、维生素K2缺乏是早产儿发生BPD的影响因素,其中胎龄、绒毛膜羊膜炎是早产儿发生BPD的独立危险因素,临床需要加强产前保健,有助于避免BPD的发生。

Objective To analyze the risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in premature infants,so as to provide basis for early prevention and intervention.Methods A total of 53 cases of premature infants with gestational age≤32 weeks were divided into BPD group(20 cases)and non-BPD group(33 cases)according to the diagnosis.The clinical data and maternal pregnancy of the two groups were compared,and the risk factors for the development of BPD in premature infants were analyzed.Results The gestational age of(28.33±2.02)weeks and birth weight of(1034.62±298.68)g in BPD group were lower than those of(30.96±1.13)weeks and(1394.00±188.27)g in non-BPD group;the incidence of chorioamnionitis of 60.00%in BPD group was higher than that of 15.15%in non-BPD group;the serum level of vitamin K2 of(0.65±0.29)ng/ml in BPD group was lower than that of(0.97±0.44)ng/ml in non-BPD group;the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of gestational hypertension,gestational diabetes mellitus and premature rupture of membranes,serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D[25-(OH)D]and serum phosphorus levels between BPD group and non-BPD group(P>0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age and chorioamnionitis were independent risk factors for BPD in premature infants(P<0.05).Conclusion Gestational age,birth weight,chorioamnionitis,and vitamin K2 deficiency are influential factors for the development of BPD in premature infants,among which gestational age and chorioamnionitis are independent risk factors for the development of BPD in premature infants.Strengthening prenatal care can help avoid the occurrence of BPD.