髋部骨折患者术后住院期间下肢深静脉血栓形成的危险因素

Risk factors for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis during postoperative hospitalization in patients with hip fracture

目的探讨髋部骨折患者术后住院期间下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)形成的危险因素。方法收集2018年3月至2022年8月于芜湖市第五人民医院住院接受手术治疗的113例髋部骨折患者的临床资料,根据住院期间是否发生下肢DVT将患者分为血栓组(n=21)和对照组(n=92)。比较两组患者术后下肢DVT的发生情况和手术前后D-二聚体水平,分析髋部骨折患者术后住院期间下肢DVT形成的危险因素。结果血栓组患者的年龄、术前D-二聚体水平均高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。血栓组患者骨折至开始进行手术的时间长于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,年龄≥65岁、术前D-二聚体水平﹥0.5 mg/L、骨折至开始进行手术的时间超过7天均是髋部骨折患者术后住院期间发生下肢DVT的独立危险因素(P﹤0.05)。结论髋部骨折患者术后住院期间下肢DVT的发生率较高,年龄、术前D-二聚体水平、骨折至开始进行手术的时间均与其密切相关。

Objective To investigate the risk factors of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis(DVT)in patients with hip fractures during postoperative hospitalization.Method The clinical data of hip fracture patients hospitalized in the Fifth People's Hospital of Wuhu Hospital for surgical treatment from March 2018 to August 2022 were collected.Patients were divided into thrombosis group(n=21)and control group(n=92)according to the occurrence of lower extremity DVT during hospitalization.The occurrence of DVT in the lower extremity after the surgery and the level of D-dimer before and after the surgery were compared between the two groups.The risk factors of lower extremity DVT formation in hip fracture patients during postoperative hospitalization was analyzed.Result The age and preoperative D-dimer levels of the patients in the thrombosis group were higher than those in the control group,the time from fracture to surgery was longer in the thrombosis group than that in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that age≥65 years old,preoperative D-dimer level>0.5 mg/L,and the time from fracture to surgery for more than seven days were all independent risk factors for patients with hip fracture who suffered lower extremity DVT during postoperative hospitalization(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of lower extremity DVT is higher in hip fracture patients during postoperative hospitalization.Age,preoperative D-dimer level,and the time from fracture to operation were all closely related to the formation of lower extremity DVT during postoperative hospitalization in patients with hip fractures.