日本共产党反对天皇制百年立场转圜探因

Turnaround of Japanese Communist Party’s Standpoint against the Mikado System in the Past Hundred Years

1922年建党的日本共产党,是西方资本主义国家中党员人数最多的共产党。百年来,日本共产党反对天皇制的立场历经多次转圜,分别表现为反对神权天皇制、反对象征天皇制、反省现代天皇制。从理论进路而言,日本古代天皇制表现为世袭君主制形式的“神权天皇制”,显然有一定的理论局限性;同时,以科学社会主义理论为指导的日本共产党,揭示了战后“象征天皇制”实质上是代表了资产阶级的利益、服务于日本统治阶级的学说,从理论与现实层面对天皇制进行了深刻的批判。2004年日本共产党从纲领中删除了“通过民主主义革命,废除君主制”的描述,标志着日本共产党反对天皇制立场的倒退。日本保守主义传统的延续、选举路线的应然、政党形象的更新,分别对应了日本共产党反对天皇制立场转圜的历史逻辑、实践逻辑与时代逻辑,是日本共产党立场转圜的逻辑主线。日本共产党对天皇制立场的转圜,正是其现实困境与历史沉疴所致。

Japanese Communist Party,founded in 1922,is the Communist Party with the largest number of members in the western capitalist countries.In different historical stages,the positions of Japanese Communist Party against the Mikado system are different,which is manifested in opposing the theocratic Mikado system,opposing the symbolic Mikado system and reflecting on the modern Mikado system.From the perspective of theoretical approach,the ancient Japanese emperor system is represented by the“theocratic emperor system”in the form of hereditary monarchy,which obviously has certain theoretical limitations;At the same time,Japanese Communist Party,guided by the theory of scientific socialism,revealed that the post-war“symbolic Mikado System”essentially represented the interests of the bourgeoisie and served the Japanese ruling class,and made a profound criticism of the Mikado system from the theoretical and practical levels.In 2004,Japanese Communist Party deleted the description of“abolishing the monarchy through the democratic revolution”from the program,marking the retrogression of Japanese Communist Party’s position against the Mikado system.The continuation of the Japanese conservative tradition,the necessity of election line,and the renewal of the party image correspond to the historical logic,practical logic and era logic of the turnaround of Japanese Communist Party’s position against the Mikado system,which is the logical main line of the turnaround of Japanese Communist Party’s position.The reversal of the Japanese Communist Party’s stance on the Mikado system is due to its practical difficulties and historical dilemma.