试论政务处分法设置双轨惩戒制度的理论基础

On the Theoretical Basis of Setting up the Dual-track Punishment System in the Administrative Punishment Law

我国《公职人员政务处分法》设置双轨惩戒制度有其深厚的理论基础。双轨惩戒制度的理论基础主要包括哲学基础、政治学基础、文化基础、经济学基础。该制度的哲学理论基础由唯物辩证法的全面的、联系的、发展的观点组成,分别奠定了该制度的全面性、关联性、发展性;该制度的政治学基础由权责一致原则、人民主权原则、权力监督理论组成,分别支撑该制度的权责一致性、彰显该制度的人民性、构筑该制度的权力监督方向和服务国家治理现代化方向;该制度的文化理论基础由察官治吏的法律文化、廉政文化组成,分别涵养了该制度监督的理念、惩戒的理念。该制度的经济学理论基础由公共选择理论、“委托—代理”理论支撑,分别助力该制度的惩戒效益、监督效益。这些理论基础支撑起该制度的必然性、正当性。深入研究和准确把握该制度的理论基础,对于正确理解监察委员会的政务处分与任免机关、单位的处分之间的相互关系,推动该制度在实践中的有效应用具有重大意义。

China’s“Public Officials Administrative Punishment Law”has a profound theoretical basis for setting up a dual-track disciplinary system for public officials.The theoretical basis of the dual-track disciplinary system for public officials mainly includes philosophical basis,political science basis,cultural basis,and economic basis.The philosophical theoretical basis of the system consists of the comprehensive,relational and developmental viewpoints of materialist dialectics,which respectively establish the comprehensiveness,relevance and development of the system;The political foundation of the system consists of the principle of power and responsibility consistency,the principle of people’s sovereignty,and the theory of power supervision,which support the system’s power and responsibility consistency,highlight the people’s character of the system,build the direction of power supervision of the system,and serve the direction of national governance modernization.The legal culture and the clean government culture respectively contain the concept of supervision and the concept of punishment in this system.The economic theoretical basis of the system is supported by the theory of public choice and the theory of“principal-agent”,which contribute to the punishment benefits and supervision benefits of the system respectively.These theoretical foundations support the inevitability and legitimacy of the system.In-depth research and accurate grasp of the theoretical basis of the system is of great significance for correctly understanding the relationship between the governmental sanctions imposed by the Supervisory Committee and the sanctions imposed by the appointing and removing organs and units,and it is to promote the effective application of the system in practice.