精神残疾流行病学研究综述

A review of epidemiological study on mental disability

精神障碍的致残作用不容忽视。世界卫生组织为评估精神障碍患者的社会适应和行为障碍研发了《世界卫生组织残疾评定量表第二版》,并将其扩展至测量任何疾病的功能损失。《中华人民共和国国家标准残疾人残疾分类和分级》结合国情对精神残疾进行了定义和分级。国外对于精神障碍残疾率和致残率报告较少,且残疾判定的标准不统一。国内第二次全国残疾人抽样调查报告了归因于精神障碍的残疾率及人口学分布特征,为我国精神残疾研究提供了科学依据。目前国内外均缺乏精神残疾的人群数据。本文通过检索国内外文献,综述了国内外精神残疾的定义、评定方法、精神残疾率、致残率、人口学分布研究以及各种精神障碍与残疾的关联研究,以期为进一步开展精神残疾研究提供参考。

Mental disorders could critically lead to disability.The World Health Organization developed the-World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 to assess the social adaptation and behavioral disor-ders of patients with mental disorders,and expanded it to measure the functional loss of any diseases.The classifica-tion and grading criteria of disability of the People's Republic of China defines and classifies mental disabilities un-der the national context.There are few reports in foreign countries on the disability prevalence of mental disorders in population and in patients.The standards for assessing disability have not been unifed.The second National Sample Survey on Disability in China reported the disability prevalence atributed to mental disorders and the demographic distribution of the population,providing scientific evidence for the research of mental disability.At present,few data of patients with mental disability are available both at home and abroad.By searching domestic and foreign litera-ture,this paper summarizes the definition,assessment methods,disability prevalence of mental disorders in popula-tion and in patients,demographic distribution,and the association between various mental disorders and disability in order to provide information for further research on mental disability.