诗艺、诗人与诗教——重回贺拉斯“寓教于乐”的语境

Poetry,Poet and Poetic Education—A Return to the Context of Horace's“Combination ofPleasure and Usefulness”

贺拉斯的《诗艺》又名《致皮索父子的信》,是贺拉斯应皮索请求教其子作诗而作的回信。《诗艺》既是文艺批评著作,又是古罗马的政治语境和文学秩序的产物,还是古典诗教的遗绪。贺拉斯认可的“理想诗人”兼顾天资与技艺,从苏格拉底的文章中学习“睿智”,能够结合快乐与益处。这些论述都体现出《诗艺》作为“教育之书”的特征。贺拉斯在论“诗人”的中间部分,追溯了古代的诗人,将他的教诲置于古典诗教传统之中。回到语境中重新认识贺拉斯的诗学观念,思考古典的诗教传统,对我们当今的美育有所启发。

Horace's Art of Poetry,also known as Letter to the Pisos,was written in response to the Piso's request to teach his son poetry.Art of Poetry is not only a literary criticism work,but the product of the political context and literary order of ancient Rome,and also the legacy of classical poetic education.It is Horace's belief that the ideal poet should combine talent and art,learn“wisdom”from Socrates'writings,and combine pleasure and usefulness.All these opinions reflect the characteristics of Art of Poetry as a“book of education”.In the middle part of his discussion on Poet,Horace traces the ancient poets and places his teachings within the tradition of classical poetic education.A return to the context to understand Horace's poetic concept and reflections on the classical tradition of poetry education are supposed to inspire today's aesthetic education.