体医融合精准运动处方构成要素研究及处方标准格式设计

Research on the Constituent Elements and the Design of the Standard Format of the Precise Exercise Prescription for the Integration of Sport and Medicine

体医融合是新发展交叉学科,核心任务是“运动促健康”。运动处方是最基本的融合工具。我国目前尚无统一的体医融合运动处方制定规范及标准,常用运动处方个体化性及精准度不高。该研究考量临床病理及运动生理的多样性及二者间相匹配关系,以传统运动处方为模板,重整运动处方构成要素,形成体医融合运动处方标准格式。该格式包括“基本信息、运动前评估、运动目标、运动处方、注意事项、回访时间、签名”等部分。与传统运动处方相比,“基本信息”增加“民族、职业、籍贯”;“运动前评估”增加“体质评估、医学诊断、心理评估、营养评估、日常体力劳动等级”;“运动目标”划分“总目标”和“阶段目标”;“运动处方”划分“心肺耐力运动、肌肉适能运动、柔韧适能运动、体育游戏、其他运动”。该研究提升运动处方的科学性,符合精准医学要求,体现“体”“医”特性,促进体医融合,适合健康全领域及个体全生命周期体医融合实践使用,值得推广。未完善之处有待今后深入研究。

The integration of sport and medicine is a newly developed interdiscipline,and its core mission is"exercise promoting health".The exercise prescription is the most basic integration tool.There is no unified specification and standards for the formulation of the exercise prescription for the integration of sports and medicine in China at present,and the individualization and accuracy of the commonly used exercise prescription are not high.Considering the diversity of clinical pathology and exercise physiology and the matching relationship between the two,the study takes the traditional exercise prescription as the template,reorganizes the components of the exercise prescription,and forms a standard format of the exercise prescription for the integration of sports and medicine,which includes sections such as"basic information,pre-exercise assessment,exercise goals,exercise prescriptions,precautions,revisit time and signature".Compared with the traditional exercise prescription,"nationality,profession and native place"are included into"basic information","physical fitness assessment,medical diagnosis,psychology assessment,nutrition assessment and the daily physical laor level"are added to"pre-exercise assessment","exercise goals"are divided into"general goals"and"phased goals",and"the exercise prescription"is divided into"cardiopulmonary endurance exercise,muscle fitness exercise,flexible adaptable exercise,sports games and other exercise".The study improves the scientificity of the exercise prescription,conforms to the requirements of precision medicine,reflects the characteristics of"sport"and"medicine",promotes the integration of sports and medicine,adapts to the use of the practice of the integration of sports and medicine in the whole field of health and the whole life cycle of individuals,and is worthy of promotion.Further research is needed on the areas that are not yet perfect.