城市老年群体的体育运动、社会资本与心理健康的关系研究

Research on the Relationship Between the Sports,Social Capital and Mental Health of Urban Elderly Groups

目的:探讨体育运动如何改善城市老年群体的心理健康,以及社会资本在二者之间的中介作用,为提高我国城市老年群体的心理健康提供对策与建议。方法:采用问卷调查法了解城市老年群体的体育运动参与情况、社交状况、心理状况;运用数理分析法探究老年群体的体育运动与社会资本、心理健康之间的关系。研究结果:(1)锻炼时间与社会资本存在显著的正相关(r=0.165,P<0.01),锻炼强度与社会资本存在显著的正相关(r=0.153,P<0.01);锻炼时间与心理健康之间均存在显著的负相关(r=-0.188,P<0.01),社会资本与心理健康之间均存在显著的负相关(r=-0.323,P<0.01)。(2)体育运动能显著预测社会的资本水平(β=0.294,P<0.01),体育运动能显著负向预测心理健康(β=-0.065,P<0.01),社会资本能显著负向预测心理健康(β=-0.075,P<0.01)。(3)Bootstrap中介检验法结果显示,体育运动通过社会资本提高老年群体心理健康水平,间接效应值为-0.0086,占总效应的13%。研究结论:(1)体育运动可以直接影响老年群体心理健康;(2)社会资本在老年群体的体育运动、心理健康之间存在部分中介效应。

Objective:To explore how sports improve the mental health of urban elderly groups and the intermediary function of social capital between the two,and provide countermeasures and suggestions for improving the mental health of urban elderly groups in China.Methods:The questionnaire survey method was used to understand the participation in sports,social status and psychological status of urban elderly groups,and the mathematical analysis method was used to explore the relationship between the sports and social capital and mental health of the aged group.Results:(1)There was a significant positive correlation between exercise time and social capital(r=0.165,P<0.01),there was a significant positive correlation between exercise intensity and social capital(r=0.153,P<0.01),there was a significant negative correlation between exercise time and mental health(r=-0.188,P<0.01),and there was a significant negative correlation between social capital and mental health(r=-0.323,P<0.01).(2)Sports could significantly predict the level of social capital(β=0.294,P<0.01),sports could significantly negatively predict mental health(β=-0.065,P<0.01),and social capital could significantly negatively predict mental health(β=-0.075,P<0.01).(3)The results of the Bootstrap mediation test method showed that sports improved the mental health level of the aged group through social capital,and that the indirect effect value was-0.0086,accounting for 13%of the total effect.Conclusion:(1)Sports can directly affect the mental health of the elderly.(2)Social capital has a partial mediating effect between the sports and mental health of the elderly.