贵州畲族传统体育粑槽舞的田野调查研究

Research on Field Investigation of the Traditional Sport"Bacao Dance"of the She Nationality in Guizhou

该文以麻江县六堡村作为田野点,针对贵州畲族传统体育粑槽舞开展了田野调查。调查结果表明:粑槽舞作为从畲族丧葬舞蹈发展演变而来的一项独具特色的民族传统体育项目,其历史由来主要有英雄起源说、环境起源说、劳动起源说等多种不同的说法;粑槽舞对场地器材的要求非常简单,只需要在地面平整的场地上,借助粑槽、舂杵(木棒)、木鼓、铜鼓就可以开展,且参与人数灵活,舞姿粗狂独特,整场都要依靠鼓声引导动作和节奏;粑槽舞蕴含了深厚的民族文化底蕴,既彰显了畲族人对民族的认同,对民族文化的信仰与崇拜,又折射出了他们对生命的独特认知,反映出他们面对生离死别的勇气与态度,是贵州畲族居民宝贵的社会文化印记。

Taking Liubao Village of Majiang County as a field site,the article carries out field research on the traditional sport"Bacao dance"of the She nationality in Guizhou.The survey results shows that the"Bacao dance",as a unique traditional ethnic sports event that evolved from the funeral dance of the She nation,has a history mainly based on various theories such as the origin of heroes,the origin of environment,and the origin of labor,that the requirements of the"Bacao dance"for venue equipment are very simple,it can be carried out on a place with a flat ground with the help of the Bacao,pestle(wooden stick),wooden drum and bronze drum with the flexible number of participants and the rough and unique dance posture,and the entire performance must rely on the sound of drums to guide movements and rhythm,and that the"Bacao dance"contains a profound ethnic cultural heritage,which not only highlights the She ethnic group's identity of the nation and faith and worship of ethnic culture,but also reflects their unique understanding of life,and reflects their courage and attitude in the face of life and death,and it is a precious social and cultural imprint of the She ethnic group residents in Guizhou.