长三角工业园区土壤中多环芳烃和邻苯二甲酸酯的污染现状及来源解析

Pollution Status and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phthalates in Soil of Industrial Parks in Yangtze River Delta

为评估长三角地区工业土壤中典型有机污染物的污染现状,选择具有代表性的工业园区采集土壤样品,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用仪分析土壤中半挥发性有机污染物含量,并分析主要污染物来源。在代表性工业园区共设置45个采样点位,采样点周边企业涵盖了计算机、通信及其他电子设备制造业、化学原料和化学制品制造业、橡胶及塑料制品制造业、汽车制造业以及纺织服装业。结果表明:(1)工业园区土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)和邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)为土壤中主要的半挥发性有机污染物,检出率分别为100.0%及75.6%,含量范围分别为2.19~15200.90μg·kg^(-1)、未检出~4168.56μg·kg^(-1)。(2)20世纪90年代建设的工业园区土壤中4~6环PAHs占∑16 PAHs比例高于新建工业园区,此外工业园区内汽车制造业、橡胶与塑料制造业、化学原料及化学制品制造业存在对土壤造成PAHs和PAEs污染的工艺过程。(3)工业园区土壤PAHs主要来源于燃烧源,应着重关注园区企业燃煤燃油过程的污染物排放,加强橡胶与塑料制造业、化学原料及化学制品制造业生产过程中PAEs管控。

To assess the status of soil organic pollution in industrial parks,forty-five soil samples were collected from the representative industrial parks in Yangtze River Delta for analyzing soil organic pollution by gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometry detector,and their sources were also analyzed by characteristic ratio.There are computer,communication and electronic equipment manufacturing,chemical raw material and product manufacturing,rubber and plastic product manufacturing,automobile manufacturing,and textile and clothing industry in the representative industrial parks.The results show as follows:(1)The soils around the industrial parks were seriously polluted.23 semi-volatile organic pollutants were detected in soil samples among which the detection rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and phthalates(PAEs)were 100%and 75.6%,respectively,and the concentrations were 2.19-15200.90μg·kg^(-1) and n.d.-4168.56μg·kg^(-1),respectively.(2)The concentrations of 4-6 rings PAHs in the old industrial parks are higher than those in the new industrial parks.In addition,attention should be paid to the process of soil pollution caused by automobile manufacturing,rubber and plastic manufacturing,computer communication and other manufacturing industries in the industrial parks.(3)The PAHs in soil of industrial parks mainly came from combustion sources.It is necessary to pay more attention to the pollutant discharge in the process of coal and fuel oil burning of enterprises in the parks,and to strengthen the control of PAEs in the production process of rubber and plastic manufacturing and chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing.