重离子碰撞输运理论在超重核合成研究中的进展

Progress in transport models of heavy-ion collisions for the synthesis of superheavy nuclei

超重核合成对于扩展核素版图、探索极限条件下原子核性质、理解核天体物理中的快中子俘获过程都有着重要意义,是核物理学研究的前沿领域。本文对重离子碰撞输运理论的发展现状和进展做了评述,介绍了几种具有代表性的输运模型,并介绍了基于输运理论和实验上合成超重核素的现状和最新研究进展,重点针对重离子熔合反应和多核子转移反应研究情况展开讨论,并对国际上新一代核科学大装置的进展进行了总结,介绍了未来国际上超重核合成的研究计划。

With experimental facilities being developed globally,producing superheavy nuclei using heavy-ion collision has become feasible,which is essential for exploring charge and mass limits of nuclei and understanding the r-process in nuclear astrophysics.Fusion reactions are crucial for the synthesis of superheavy nuclei,yet only neutrondeficient superheavy nuclei get produced due to the limited neutron number of stable beams.Recent experiments suggest that multinucleon transfer reactions are promising for producing new neutron-rich superheavy nuclei.As a result,transport models are required for extracting physics information from these experiments and making predictions about incident energies and projectile-target combinations,to synthesize new super-heavy nuclei.In this article,we introduce the development of transport models such as the dinuclear system(DNS)model,quantum molecular dynamics(QMD)type model,Boltzmann type model,and Time-dependent Hatree-Fock(TDHF)type model,and conclude with their latest applications in the synthesis of superheavy nuclei,especially in fusion reactions and multinucleon transfer reactions.In addition,various international large-scale scientific facilities,as well as their scientific objectives,and future plans,are also summarized.