中国国家级非物质文化遗产空间分布特征与影响因素

Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of national intangible culture heritage in China

研究非物质文化遗产的空间分布特征及其影响因素,有利于理解“地方认同”与“地方性”建构过程,助力非遗传承与保护。运用最近邻比率、核密度分析等方法探究中国五批3610项国家级非遗的空间分布特征,并运用回归模型检验其影响因素。结果表明:①中国国家级非遗分布广泛且区域集聚显著,宏观上表现为“南多北少、东多西少”的格局。②各类型非遗间数量差别大且分布特征不同,但京津冀、长三角、珠三角、福建沿海等地的核密度值均较大。③从自然因素看,非遗分布趋于地势平坦、气候适宜的河流沿岸。中国国家级非遗高密度核心区与次级密度核心区皆位于地形起伏度小于15m的平坦地形区与小起伏区,中国河流的10km缓冲区内含74.21%的国家级非遗,亚热带季风气候区与温带季风气候区内含81.16%的国家级非遗。④从社会因素看,非遗分布趋于经济发达、历史悠久的开放地区。国家级非遗项数与GDP值在东南沿海地区与西部、东北地区分别呈现双高与双低。此外,少数民族人口总数多的省市非遗项目相对较多。

Studying the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of intangible cultural heritage is helpful to understand the construction process of“local identity”and“local”,and to inherit and protect intangible cultural heritage.This paper explored the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of 5 published batches of 3610 national intangible cultural heritage in China by using some quantitative analysis methods,such as nearest neighbor index,kernel density estimation and regression test.The results showed that:①The distribution of national intangible cultural heritage was extensive,but the regional agglomeration was significant,showing a macro pattern of“more in the south and less in the north,more in the east and less in the west”.②The number and distribution characteristics of different types of intangible cultural heritage were different,but the kernel density values of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and coastal areas of Fujian were all larger.③From the perspective of natural factors,the distribution of intangible cultural heritage tended to be along rivers with flat terrain and suitable climate.The core areas of national intangible cultural heritage with high density and secondary density were all located in flat and small relief areas with relief less than 15m.The 10km buffer zone of Chinese rivers contained 74.21%of national intangible cultural heritage,and the subtropical and temperate monsoon climate zones contained 81.16%of national intangible cultural heritage.④From the perspective of social factors,the distribution of intangible cultural heritage tended to be in economically developed and open areas with a long history.The number of national intangible cultural heritage items and GDP value were both high in the southeast coastal areas,and low in the western and northeast areas.In addition,there were more intangible heritage projects in provinces and cities with a large minority population.