常见螺旋桨材料空蚀特性分析

Analysis of the cavitation characteristics of common propeller materials

为了掌握常见螺旋桨材料在不同空蚀阶段的体积损失规律及形貌变化特点,本文借助磁致伸缩超声振动空蚀仪对螺旋桨常用材料镍铝青铜、黄铜H62、铝合金6061-T6开展空蚀试验,记录质量、空蚀表面形貌变化。基于试验数据,分析不同空蚀阶段的规律特点,通过改变空化强度,观察空泡溃灭程度对空蚀不同阶段的影响。借助有限元数值技术方法反演空化冲击载荷,利用空化冲击载荷与空蚀深度的关系,初步预报NACA0015水翼表面空蚀深度分布。结果表明:不同空蚀阶段持续时间不仅仅取决于材料本身,还与空化强度有关;以黄铜H62为例,计算得到了NACA0015水翼吸力面的空蚀深度分布,最大空蚀深度为45μm。本研究为考虑材料性质影响的水翼空蚀深度数值预报提供了理论基础。

Cavitation tests were performed for common propeller materials,such as nickel-aluminum-bronze,brass H62,and aluminum alloy 6061-T6,to elucidate the volume loss behavior and morphology changes at different cavitation stages.A magnetostrictive ultrasonic vibration cavitation instrument was used to record changes in the mass and morphology of the cavitation surface.The cavitation behavior of the materials corresponding to various stages was studied.In addition,the effect of the degree of cavitation collapse on the behavior at different stages was observed by varying the cavitation intensity.The cavitation impact load was inferred from finite-element numerical techniques,and a preliminary prediction of the cavitation depth distribution on the surface of the NACA0015 hydrofoil was carried out using the relationship between the cavitation impact load and the cavitation depth.The results showed that the duration of different cavitation stages was dependent not only on the material but also on the cavitation intensity.For brass H62,the cavitation depth distribution on the suction surface of the NACA0015 hydrofoil was determined,and the maximum cavitation depth was found to be 45μm.This research provides a theoretical basis for the numerical prediction of hydrofoil cavitation depth considering the influence of material properties.