山东省居家、机构医养老年人患慢性病及中医药服务需求现状对比分析

Comparative analysis of the current situation of chronic disease and demand for traditional Chinese medicine services among elderly people receiving home-based and institutional medical-elderly care in⁃tegration in Shandong Province

目的探讨山东省居家、机构医养老年人患慢性病状况、健康行为及对中医药服务的需求情况。方法2022年1月—10月,在山东省抽取8家医养结合机构及80户选择居家医养的家庭,采用自制调查问卷对抽取的555例老年人的个人基本情况、患慢性病状况及健康相关行为、中医药服务需求情况进行调查分析。结果555例调查对象绝大部分患有慢性病(501例,90.3%)。居家医养老年人基本自理能力较强,多患关节炎、高血压,更多的认为自己口味偏咸或偏甜,缺乏体育锻炼(P均<0.05);机构医养老年人就医次数维持在较低水平,多患有两种以上慢性病且患有脑血管疾病的人数多,在控制饮酒方面做得更好,自认为心理负担较轻(P均<0.05)。机构医养老年人接受过情志疏导、穴位敷贴、中药内治、拔罐、针灸、推拿、刮痧的较少,在希望得到中医用药指导、药膳、中药熏蒸方面的意愿也不如居家医养老年人高(P均<0.05)。结论山东省医养结合机构应按需向老年人提供健康宣传教育、中医药服务等服务项目,提高机构的服务水平和服务能力,降低慢性病对老年人健康水平的影响,提高老年人群的生活质量。

Objective To investigate the chronic disease status,health behaviors,and demand for traditional Chi⁃nese medicine services among elderly people receiving home-based and institutional medical-elderly care integration in Shandong Province.Methods From January to October 2022,8 medical-elderly care integration institutions and 80 fam⁃ilies choosing home-based medical-elderly care integration were selected in Shandong Province.A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the basic personal information,chronic disease status,health-related behaviors,and demand for traditional Chinese medicine services of 555 elderly people.Results The vast majority of the 555 surveyed subjects had chronic diseases(501 cases,90.3%).Elderly people receiving home-based medical-elderly care integration had stronger basic self-care ability,suffered from arthritis and hypertension more often,and were more likely to think that their taste was too salty or too sweet,and lacked physical exercise(P<0.05).Elderly people receiving institutional medical-elderly care integration had a low number of medical visits,suffered from more than two chronic diseases and had a higher number of people with cerebrovascular diseases(P<0.05).They did better in controlling alcohol consumption and considered themselves to have a lighter psychological burden(P<0.05).Elderly people receiving institutional medical-elderly care in⁃tegration received less emotional counseling,acupoint application,traditional Chinese medicine treatment,cupping,acu⁃puncture,massage,and scraping(P<0.05).Their willingness to receive guidance on traditional Chinese medicine use,medicinal diet,and traditional Chinese medicine fumigation was also lower than that of elderly people receiving home-based medical-elderly care integration(P<0.05).Conclusion The medical-elderly care integration institutions in Shan⁃dong Province should provide elderly people with health education and traditional Chinese medicine services as needed to improve the service level and capacity of the institutions,reduce the impact of chronic diseases on the health of elderly peo⁃ple,and improve the quality of life of the elderly population.