MXene基纳米材料在高性能金属锂负极应用中的研究进展

Recent advances in Mxene-based nanomaterials as hosts for high-performance lithium metal anodes and as additives for improving the properties of solid electrolytes

锂金属负极由于其具有高的理论容量和低的电化学电势,被认为是高能量密度可充电电池中最具吸引力和前景的负极。然而,其在镀/脱锂过程中,锂枝晶的不可控生长导致了电极的快速退化和严重的安全问题,严重阻碍了其实际应用。为了解决这些问题,使用具有高电导率、优异机械性能和丰富表面官能团的二维过渡金属碳化物/氮化物(MXenes)来诱导锂均匀成核并缓解体积变化,最终抑制锂枝晶的形成。本文综述了用于金属锂负极的MXene基纳米材料的最新进展。首先介绍了金属锂负极的技术挑战。然后从三个方面总结了MXene基纳米材料用于抑制锂枝晶生长和构建稳定金属锂负极的设计和使用:(1)使用结构化负极,如MXene/锂负极、MXene/金属/锂负极、MXene/碳/锂负极、MXene/氧化物/锂负极等;(2)构建人工SEI膜;(3)修饰电解液成分。最后,简要讨论了MXene基纳米材料在下一代锂金属电池应用中的挑战和前景。

To tackle the issues of rapid electrode degradation and severe safety issues caused by the uncontrollable growth of lith-ium dendrites in Li metal anodes(LMAs),two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides(MXenes)with a high electrical con-ductivity,excellent mechanical properties,and abundant surface functional groups have been used as hosts to induce uniform Li nuc-leation and alleviate the volume changes,eventually inhibiting the formation of Li dendrites.Recent advances in the use of MXene-based nanomaterials in LMAs are summarized.The problems with using LMAs are first considered,and the ways of using MXene-based nanomaterials for suppressing Li dendrite growth and constructing stable LMAs are then summarized.These include the use of MXenes,MXene-metal hybrids,MXene-carbon hybrids,and MXene derivatives as hosts for the anodes and as additives to modify the electrolyte compositions to increase ionic conductivity and inhibit polymer crystallization.Finally,the challenges and prospects for using MXene-based nanomaterials in next-generation LMAs are briefly discussed.