锂离子电池石墨负极锂沉积研究进展

Understanding the process of lithium deposition on a graphite anode for better lithium-ion batteries

全面推进交通运输电气化是实现“碳中和”的根本途径,而以电化学能量储存和转化为核心的电池、电容器等储能技术的开发是其中的重要环节。锂离子电池具有储能密度高、充放电效率高、响应速度快、产业链完整等优点,是最近几年发展最快的电化学储能技术。石墨具有导电性好、成本低、循环寿命长、溶胀率低、安全性高等优点,是锂离子电池负极的首选材料。然而石墨负极金属锂的沉积不仅降低电池循环及快充性能,而且带来电池短路甚至爆炸等安全隐患。本综述概述了石墨负极的电化学动力学过程,总结了依托原位技术对锂沉积机理的解析,讨论了锂沉积过程的影响因素以及解决办法。最后提出了本领域今后发展过程中可能面临的挑战及机遇。

A brief overview of recent developments in the formation,detection,and suppression of lithium dendrites in carbon-based lithium-ion batteries is presented.The electrochemical processes that result in the formation of lithium dendrites on the anode surface are reviewed,and various detection methods,including the essential operando technique for understanding the complex mechanism,are then introduced.Methods for suppressing lithium dendrite formation are discussed and prospects for future research and development are presented.