碳基支架在构建稳定复合锂金属阳极方面的研究进展

Advances in the use of carbonaceous scaffolds for constructing stable composite Li metal anodes

因为锂金属电池(LMBs)具有高能量密度、高理论比容量和低氧化电位等优点,被认为是后锂离子电池(LIBs)中理想的能量存储装置之一。然而,锂金属阳极(LMA)面临着多种障碍,包括低库仑效率(CE)、大体积膨胀、锂枝晶的形成、低安全和低稳定性及短寿命,这些问题阻碍了LMBs的实际应用。由于低密度、高机械强度、稳定的化学性质和大比表面积等优势,碳基材料受到了广泛关注。建立复合碳基LMA是各种策略中的一种有效选择,因为其具有缓解体积膨胀、降低局部电流密度以及提供均匀Li+沉积的活性成核位点的能力。本文综述了复合碳基LMA的最新研究进展,包括碳基复合材料、元素金属及其化合物与碳基材料的复合物,以及它们与阳极界面稳定性和结构的关系。最后,本文总结并提出了关于将碳基材料作为LMA支架的观点和见解。

Compositing lithium metal anodes(LMAs)with carbon-based materials has been given much attention because of the latter’s low density,high mechanical strength,stable electrochemical properties,and large specific surface area.Such a composite LMA stands out because of its ability to reduce the volume expansion,lower the local current density,and provide active nucleation sites for uniform Li+plating.Recent research advances in carbon-based materials as scaffolds to make composite anodes are re-viewed,including composites with pure metals and their alloys,and compositing strategies to improve anode stability.