乡村教师定向培养机制中的问题及优化路径——以中、美乡村教师培养项目为例

定向培养机制不仅是培养准乡村教师的有效补充渠道,也是提高乡村地区教育质量的重要举措。然而,基于中国开展的“优师计划”和美国开展的“家乡教师项目”的实施路径表明,定向培养机制存在“下不去”“留不住”和“教不好”三大问题,具体表现为乡村教师的供给侧风险、“逃离危机”及教学能力不足。因此,首先要科学化师范生准入机制,合理规避供给侧风险;其次,最大化政策红利,有效缓和“逃离危机”;再次,特色化师范生培养机制,培养机制特色化,正确提升教学能力。

Targeted training mechanism is not only an effective supplementary channel for training quasi-rural teachers,but also an important measure to improve the quality of education in rural areas.However,the implementation path of the"outstanding teacher program"carried out in China and the"Grow-Your-Own"programs carried out in the United States shows that there are three major problems in the targeted training mechanism:"failure to go down","failure to stay"and"failure to teach well".It is embodied in the supply-side risks of rural teachers,"escaping from the crisis"and the lack of teaching ability.Therefore,first of all,it is necessary to scientifically standardize the normal students'access mechanism and reasonably avoid the supply-side risks;secondly,we should maximize the policy dividend and effectively ease the"escape from the crisis";thirdly,we should characterize the normal college students'training mechanism and the training mechanism to improve the teaching ability correctly.