技术赋能的中小学教学模式创生路径研究——政策、理论、成果、特点与趋势

Research on Innovation Route of K12 Models of Teaching Empowered by Technology-Policies,Theories,Achievements,Characters and Trends

人工智能、大数据为代表的信息技术对教育的赋能正全方位地改变着教育形态。技术是教学系统的组成要素之一,体现在资源、环境和工具等方面。教学模式是教学系统各要素按照一定的理论和目标对师生教学行为进行安排的一种组合,是课堂改革的重要抓手,其创生有规律可循。它需要相关的教育政策和理论来做根本指引,借鉴已取得的教学模式成果,在不同的实践场域应用,从而生成各具特色的教学模式。该文梳理了教学模式建构的教育政策要求和指导理论这两大前提依据,分析了当前教学模式的研究成果和实践成果,找出了技术赋能的教学模式主要特点,即关注教育系统内各要素的相互作用,教学模式结构更有层次性和多维性;重视智慧环境的智能性,教学模式更具精准性和个性化;强调学习科学的引领,教学模式更具融创性和高阶性。未来趋势表现为三个方面:面向核心素养,借由深度学习,教学模式走向人工智能驱动的智能化路径;超越单一要素的作用,教学模式更加强调基于技术的教学目标、环境、过程、主体、评价的一体化融合;数据驱动,教学模式将通过无形的数据要素流动而变得更加具有开放性和动态性。

AI,big data,meta universe and other current most representative information technologies are enabling education to change every element of teaching in an all-round way.Technology is one element of the teaching system,which is reflected in resources,environment and tools.The teaching model is the most important and final result of classroom reform in primary and secondary schools.Its creation and development can also follow certain rules in the context of technology application.This paper first sorts out the educational policy requirements and theoretical basis for the construction of teaching models,and then analyzes the literature and practical results of the current teaching model research,and finds out the main characteristics of the technology enabled teaching model,including focusing on the interaction of system elements,and the teaching model structure is more hierarchical and interconnected;Pay attention to the intelligence of the intelligent environment,and the teaching model is more accurate and personalized;Emphasizing the guidance of learning science,teaching model is more innovative and high-level outcome oriented.Finally,three trends are summarized:to face the core quality,by means of deep learning,let the teaching models move towards the intelligent path of artificial intelligence machine learning;The future teaching model will be a paradigm change of the integration of teaching objectives,environment,process,subjects;Driven by data,teaching models will become more open and dynamic with data flowing through its every component.