金沙江流域(云南段)人居自然环境质量时空分异研究

Study on temporal and spatial differentiation of human settlement natural environment quality in Jinsha River Basin(Yunnan section)

基于2010、2015、2020年3期遥感影像和其他多源数据,从自然环境的角度,选取地貌、土壤、植被覆盖等10个环境质量因子作为人居自然环境质量评估指标,将熵权法、欧式距离函数等多方法复合建立流域人居自然环境质量的综合度量模型,通过GIS趋势面、Moran's I指数及冷热点分析揭示流域人居自然环境质量的时空分异规律。结果表明:流域人居自然环境质量受坡度、地貌和植被覆盖度的影响较大,环境质量优异地区的空间分布与坡度平缓、地貌适宜且植被良好的区域具有较高的重叠性;流域三期人居自然环境质量的时空演变规律表现为:空间维上,南部>北部、中部>东部>西部,从南到北,环境质量下降,中下游优于上游;时间维上,呈现出先下降后回升的趋势,尤其是中游以南的滇中地区表现尤为明显;流域整体呈正相关集聚分布,置信度高的热点区以中下游以南的楚雄州及昆明地区为主;而置信度高的冷点区覆盖整个迪庆藏族自治州。研究得出的人居自然环境度量模型及空间异质性分析方法为开展类似研究提供参考,揭示的人居自然环境时空变异规律为区域进行灾害搬迁选址和环境保护治理提供科学依据。

Based on 2010,2015,2020,three remote sensing images and other multi-source data,from the perspective of the natural environment,landscape,soil,vegetation,and so on,10 environmental quality factors as living environment quality evaluation indicators were used to build a composite basin residential environment quality comprehensive measurement model by using the entropy weight method and the Euclidean distance function method.Through GIS trend surface,Moran's I index and cold and hot spot analysis,the spatial and temporal differentiation rules of natural environment quality of human settlements in the watershed were revealed.The results showed that the natural environment quality of human settlements in the watershed was greatly affected by slope,geomorphology and vegetation coverage,and the spatial distribution of areas with excellent environmental quality had a high overlap with areas with gentle slope,suitable geomorphology and good vegetation.The spatial and temporal evolution of the natural environment quality of human settlements in the three stages of the watershed is as follows:from the spatial dimension,south>north,central>east>west.From south to north,the environmental quality decreases,and the middle and lower reaches are better than the upper reaches.In the time dimension,it showed a trend of first declining and then rising,especially in the central Yunnan region in the south of the middle reaches.The overall basin is positively correlated with the cluster distribution,and the hotspots with high confidence are mainly Chuxiong Prefecture and Kunming region in the south of the middle and lower reaches.The cold spot area with high confidence covers the whole Diqing autonomous Prefecture.The measurement model and spatial heterogeneity analysis method of human settlement natural environment obtained in this study provide a reference for similar research.And the spatial-temporal variation law of human settlement natural environment revealed can provide a scientific basis for the regional disaster relocation site selection and environmental protection and governance.