生物力学信号在血管新生中的作用

The Role of Biomechanical Signals in Angiogenesis

血管为机体细胞输送营养和氧气。血管网络的形成涉及两个基本过程:血管发生和血管新生。血管发生由内皮细胞从头产生,而血管新生是新的血管从已有的血管上生长出来的过程,受到多种信号通路调控。近年来,生物力学信号在调节血管新生过程中的重要作用逐渐被认识到。血管感受到多种力学信号,包括血管内皮细胞感受到的来自血液的血流剪切力、血管壁受到的来自血液的静压力、血流对血管壁的牵张力以及血管生长在细胞外基质上感受到细胞外基质的硬度。血管系统感知力学信号,并通过一系列的机械信号相关信号通路维持自身结构和功能稳态。本文就力学信号对血管发育、肿瘤血管新生和淋巴管新生的影响作简要介绍,旨在从这三个角度出发更全面地理解力学信号对机体血管系统发育的调控,为相关疾病提供诊断或治疗思路。

Blood vessels serve as crucial transport channels for delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells.The intricate process of vascular network formation involves two fundamental mechanisms:vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.Vasculogenesis entails the de novo production of endothelial cells,while angiogenesis involves the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones.The regulation of angiogenesis is a complex interplay of various signaling pathways.In recent years,there has been growing recognition of the significant role played by biomechanical signals in angiogenesis regulation.Mechanical forces,including shear stress on vascular endothelial cells,static pressure exerted by blood on vessel walls,stretching force caused by blood flow,and extracellular matrix stiffness,exert profound effects on blood vessels.The vascular system detects and responds to these mechanical signals by engaging in a series of signaling pathways to maintain its structural and functional homeostasis.This article provides an overview of how mechanical signals influence vascular development,tumor angiogenesis,and lymphangiogenesis.By comprehensively elucidating the critical role of biomechanical signals as regulators of vascular system development from these three perspectives,we aim to offer valuable insights for the diagnosis and treatment of associated diseases.