当代埃及国家治理、市场治理与发展问题研究

A Study on State Governance,Market Governance and Development in Contemporary Egypt

1952年“七月革命”以来,埃及在探索适合自身国情的发展道路上遭遇挫折。从国家治理的宏观层面上看,埃及没有处理好公有部门与私有部门、保护劳工与吸引投资两大矛盾,使埃及既失去了计划经济的优势,又失去了市场经济的活力,造成公有部门低效,私有部门低迷。从市场治理的中观层面上看,埃及经济治理也不成功,私有部门发展面临“三殇”:私有部门企业建立和运营之“殇”、赋税制度之“殇”和司法与产权之“殇”。从国家治理主体看,官僚机构过度膨胀,公务员工资低,腐败肆虐;政府机构职能交叉,官僚主义愈益严重,政府效力差,治理能力低下。面对数十年之积弊,塞西政府勇于担当,兴利除弊,强力推进改革,促进包容性可持续发展,《埃及2030愿景》为未来发展指明了方向。

Since the“July Revolution”in 1952,Egypt has encountered setbacks in exploring a development path suitable for its own national conditions.From the macro level of national governance,Egypt failed to deal with the contradictions between the public sector and the private sector,the protection of labor and the attraction of investment.As a result,Egypt lost both the advantages of planned economy and the vitality of market economy,resulting in the low efficiency of the public sector and the depression of the private sector.From the medium level of market governance,Egypt's economic governance is also not successful,and the development of private sector faces“three tragedies”:the“tragedies”of the establishment and operation of private sector enterprises,the“tragedies”of tax system,and the“tragedies”of justice and property rights.From the perspective of the main body of national governance,bureaucracy is over inflated,civil servants'wages are low,and corruption is rampant;the functions of government agencies are overlapping,bureaucracy is becoming more and more serious,government effectiveness is poor,and governance ability is low.Facing of decades of accumulated problems,the Sisi regime has the courage to shoulder historical responsibilities,promote the advantages and eliminate various malpractices,vigorously promote reform,and promote inclusive and sustainable development.Egypt's 2030 vision points out the direction for future development.