论埃及水问题及其治理路径

On Egypt's Water Problems and Their Governance Path

随着全球范围内“水危机”问题日益严峻,水治理已然成为全球治理的重要议题。水治理属于“新治理”范畴,也是推动发展中国家治理模式转型的重要领域。在北非地区,水资源作为尼罗河流域国家重要的战略资源,是撬动地区安全稳定与社会发展的重要杠杆。埃及地处尼罗河流域下游,其国家水资源管理体系的改革关乎国计民生。然而,人口不断增长带来的用水需求升级与相对有限的水资源储量之间的矛盾,使埃及“水危机”尤为严峻。当前,埃及结合自身国情积极推进“网络化治理”为主导模式的水治理综合体系。具体而言,埃及水治理的主要措施包括:完善法律框架与明晰权责,改革职能部门以适配网络结点治理,强调国际合作保证流域水安全。与此同时,埃及水治理仍面临着水资源供需之间长期不平衡、法律框架与制度架构缺乏耦合、多元主体参与不足等问题。从长期来看,全球范围内的“水危机”与埃及制定的国家发展愿景将助推埃及水治理正向发展。

With the increasing severity of the global“water crisis”,water governance has become an important issue in global governance.Water governance belongs to the category of“new governance”,and is also an important area to promote the transformation of national governance models in developing countries.As an important strategic resource for the Nile Basin countries,water resources are an important medium to leverage regional security,stability and social development.Egypt is located in the lower reaches of the Nile River Basin,and the reform of its national water resources management system is a matter of national importance and livelihood.The contradiction between the escalating water demand brought by the growing population and the relatively limited water reserves makes Egypt's“water crisis”particularly severe.At present,Egypt actively promote“networked governance”as the leading model of water governance integrated system.Egyptian water governance is manifested in improve the legal framework and clarity of authority and responsibility,reform functional sectors to adapt to the network node governance,emphasize international cooperation to ensure water security characteristics of the basin.At the same time,Egypt's water governance is still facing a long-term imbalance between water supply and demand,the legal framework and institutional structure is not coupled,the lack of participation of multiple actors and other issues.In the long run,the global“water crisis”and Egypt's national development vision will help Egypt's water governance to develop in a positive way.