吕底亚王表及王国覆灭时间新考

The Shifting of the Date of the Fall of Sardeis from 547 to 540 B.C.and Its Effect on the Chronology of the 7th and 6th Century B.C.

对位于今土耳其中西部的吕底亚古国而言,依据古典文献推算出来的年代框架与根据近代以来考古资料推算出来的年代框架之间不一致。古典作家关于吕底亚历史年代的记载也各不相同。通过亚述文献,大致可以确定吕底亚末代王朝君主巨吉斯的去世年代。从吕底亚覆灭的大致年代推算,此王朝的持续时间远短于希罗多德给出的时间。笔者认为古典作家之间的分歧是由希罗多德不知道吕底亚存在共治这种情况造成的。结合巨吉斯去世年份,参照另一位古典作家列出的吕底亚王表,提出一个新的年代框架。

As for Lydia,an ancient state in the middle west of modern Turkey,her chronological framework based on classic works usually contradicts with that based on modern archaeological materials.The classic authors sometimes even contradict with each other.The death of Gyges,the first king of the last dynasty of Lydia,can be loosely dated according to the Assyrian materials.But according to the well accepted conclusion that Lydia was overthrown in 547 BCE,this dynasty must last much shorter than the record of Herodotus.The difference between Herodotus and other classic authors originated from the ignorance of Herodotus that there is co-regency between the Lydian kings.Based on year of Gyges's death,the record of another classic author and the idea of co-regency,this article proposes a new chronological framework of Lydia.According to this new framework,Lydia and Babylon were overthrown one closely after other.Furthermore,the Battle of Eclipse,a seemingly isolated battle is actually closely related to that.