新冠感染恐惧对公众心理困扰的影响:风险感知的中介作用

The Impact of COVID-19 Fear on Psychological Distress Among Residents:The Mediating Role of Risk Perception

目的:了解新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19,简称新冠)疫情下,公众对新冠的恐惧与心理困扰之间的关系,以及风险感知所起的中介作用。方法:采用滚雪球抽样的方式,于2022年5月采用COVID-19恐惧量表(Fear of COVID-19 Scale,FCV-19S)、风险感知量表、心理困扰量表对居住于上海的283名居民进行了线上问卷调查。结果:新冠恐惧、风险感知、心理困扰3个变量两两间呈正相关(新冠恐惧、心理困扰:r=0.251,p<0.001;新冠恐惧、风险感知:r=0.422,p<0.001;风险感知、心理困扰:r=0.297,p<0.001)。新冠恐惧、风险感知对心理困扰均有显著正向预测作用(β=0.151,p=0.015;β=0.263,p<0.001)。风险感知在新冠恐惧和心理困扰间起部分中介作用(β=0.097,95%CI为0.047~0.166),占总效应的39.3%。结论:新冠恐惧不仅会直接影响个体的心理困扰水平,还可以通过风险感知的间接路径影响个体的心理困扰水平。

Objective:To examine the relationship of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)fear and psychological distress in Shanghai residents,and the mediating role of risk perception in it.Methods:From the beginning in May,2022,a total of 283 Shanghai residents,who were recruited by snowball sampling,completed online questionnaires including the Fear of COVID-19 Scale,Risk Perception Scale,and Psychological Distress Scale.Results:COVID-19 fear,risk perception,and psychological distress were significantly correlated(COVID-19 fear and psychological distress r=0.251,p<0.001;COVID-19 fear and risk perception r=0.422,p<0.001;risk perception and psychological distress r=0.297,p<0.001).Both COVID-19 fear and risk perception had a significant positive predictive effect on psychological distress(β=0.151,p=0.015;β=0.263,p<0.001).Risk perception partially mediated the relationship between COVID-19 fear and psychological distress(β=0.097,95%CI 0.047 to 0.166),that accounted for 39.3%of the total effect.Conclusion:Fear of COVID-19 can affect the level of psychological distress of individuals,and it can also indirectly affect the level of psychological distress of individuals through risk perception.