垂体大腺瘤质地术前影像学预测的研究进展

Research Progress in Preoperative Imaging Prediction of Pituitary Macroadenoma Texture

垂体腺瘤是起源于鞍区的垂体前叶原始细胞肿瘤,发病率较高,仅此于胶质瘤和脑膜瘤,根据分类标准不同,可以分为垂体微腺瘤、垂体大腺瘤以及功能性和非功能性垂体腺瘤,而垂体大腺瘤和功能性垂体腺瘤往往会产生临床症状,需要对肿瘤进行手术干预。目前大多数经蝶窦的神经内镜技术可以完整切除肿瘤,但部分质地硬的肿瘤容易残留引起术后复发,因此在术前垂体腺瘤精准评估可以更好的帮助临床。本文旨在总结近年垂体大腺瘤质地术前影像学预测的研究进展。

Pituitary adenomas are tumors of the sellar region originating from blasts of the anterior pituitary gland,with a high incidence,accounting for 10-25%of all intracranial tumors,second only to gliomas and meningiomas[1].Pituitary adenomas are classified into various categories,which are divided into pituitary microadenomas(diameter<1cm)and pituitary macroadenomas(diameter≥1cm)according to their size;functional and non-functional pituitary adenomas can be classified according to their ability to secrete endocrine hormones.,For non-functional pituitary microadenomas,clinical intervention is usually not required,while functional pituitary adenomas can achieve good clinical results through drug treatment[2-3].However,due to the large size of pituitary adenomas,they often compress adjacent structures and produce corresponding clinical symptoms,so the tumor needs to be removed.Transsphenoidal neuroendoscopy is widely used in the resection of pituitary macroadenomas.The vast majority of pituitary adenomas can be completely removed by suction,and they are classified as soft in texture,but there are also a small number of tumors that are difficult to cure.It caused postoperative recurrence and was classified as hard texture.If the texture of pituitary adenomas can be accurately assessed before surgery,it will undoubtedly help the selection of surgical methods and improve the prognosis of patients[4-5].This paper namely summarizes the research progress of preoperative imaging prediction of pituitary macroadenoma texture in recent years.