投料次数对黑水虻规模化盒养生产性能的影响

Effects of Feeding Times on The Performance of Scale Box Breeding of Black Soldier Fly

以获得黑水虻(black soldier fly)转化餐厨垃圾的养殖饲喂工艺参数为目标,采用规模化盒养方式进行黑水虻养殖试验,以经过脱油脱水后的餐厨细渣为试验原料,研究不同投料次数(1次、2次、3次和4次)对黑水虻转化餐厨细渣生产性能的影响规律,并对黑水虻幼虫及虫粪营养成分进行了测定。结果表明,采用多次投料方式,随着投料次数增加,对转化物料料温波动影响较大;在投虫密度和饲喂量一样的情况下,经过12 d的转化,3次投料处理组幼虫粗蛋白含量(32.57%)与2次投料处理组差异不显著(P>0.05),但与1次、4次投料处理组有显著差异(P<0.05),而粗脂肪含量(除4次投料处理组外)(23.91%)和有机质含量(91.97%)与其他处理组有显著差异(P<0.05),转化后的虫粪pH为6.19、有机质含量为73.48%,总养分(N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O)为4.05%(>4%),符合有机肥料标准;通过生产性能分析发现,3次投料处理组幼虫的体长(19.12 mm)、体重(204.44 mg)、单位面积虫产量(12.16 kg/m^(2))及料虫比(4.94)均为最优,从高效率处理餐厨垃圾和投料回报效果两者角度综合分析,以3次投料为最佳。而养殖环境温度的波动同样会导致养殖物料温度发生变化,从而影响到幼虫生长和生产性能,因此要保证黑水虻规模化养殖幼虫生长的一致性,需研发与黑水虻生活习性相匹配的养殖环境控制系统。该结果可为黑水虻规模化标准化养殖提供理论支撑。

In order to obtain the feeding process parameters of the black soldier fly conversion of food waste,the feeding experiment of black soldier fly was carried out by scale box breeding,and the fine kitchen residue after deoiling and dehydration was used as the raw material,the effects of different feed⁃ing times(1,2,3 and 4)on the production performance of food waste transformed by black soldier fly were studied,and nutritived composition of larva and dung of black water fly was determined.The results showed that with the increase of feeding times,the temperature fluctuation of the trans⁃formed material was affected by using the method of multi-feeding,and the conversion rate of 12 days was the same as that of feeding amount,there was no significant difference in crude protein content between three times feeding group and two times feeding group(P>0.05),but there was significant difference between three times feeding group and one times feeding group and four times feeding group(P<0.05),the content of crude fat(23.91%)and organic matter(91.97%)were significantly different from those of other treatments(P<0.05).The pH,organic mat⁃ter and total nutrient(N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O)were 6.19,73.48%and 4.05%,respectively,the results showed that the larval body length(19.12 mm),body weight(204.44 mg),larval yield per unit area(12.16 kg)and ratio of feed to insect(4.94)were the best in three feeding treatments,from the point of view of high efficiency of food waste treatment and the effect of feed return,three times feed is the best.However,the fluctuation of environmental temperature will also lead to the change of feed temperature,which will af⁃fect the growth and production performance of larvae.Therefore,the consistency of larval growth should be ensured in large-scale breeding of black soldier fly,it is necessary to develop a breeding environment control system matching with the living habits of black soldier fly.The results can provide theoretical support for the large-scale and standardized breeding of black soldier fly.