山东三调方言演化类型与路径新探

A New Exploration of the Evolutionary Types and Paths of Three Tone Dialects in Shandong

调类简化是山东方言的重要语音特点,主要表现为四调方言发生调类合并,演化为三调方言。从历时角度来看,自上世纪五十年代至今,山东各县市三调方言数量明显增加。从共时角度来看,依据声调合并路径的不同,山东三调方言点的演化类型可以划分为四种:无棣型、惠民型、烟台型和莱州型。声调合并是语言内部因素和社会因素共同作用的结果。今后,山东地区的三调方言点数量将围绕现有三调方言区范围继续增长。

Tone simplification is an important phonetic feature of Shandong dialect,mainly manifested as the merging of four tone into three tone.From a diachronic perspective,since the 1950s,the number of three tone dialects in various counties and cities in Shandong has significantly increased.Currently,there are 31 counties and cities in Shandong that contain three tone dialects.From a synchronic perspective,based on the different paths of tone merging,the evolution types of the three tone dialects in Shandong could be divided into four types:Wudi type,Huimin type,Yantai type,and Laizhou type.Tone merging is the result of the combined effect of internal and social factors in language.In the future,the number of three tone dialects in Shandong will continue to grow around the existing areas that contains three tone dialects.