《左传》中的“舆人”所指研究

Research on the Meaning of“Yuren(舆人)”in Zuozhuan(《左传》)

《左传》中有多处提到“舆人”,学界对“舆人”所指何人未有定论。从语言学角度出发,首先厘清“舆”的各个义项,分析先秦文献中“人”的隐含意义,解释“舆”作为单音词及以不同语素义参与构词的不同含义。再结合《左传》文本的语境及前人注疏,探求《左传》中“舆人”的真正内涵。单音词“舆”和“人”组成双音词组“舆人”,在《左传》中用来指称具有一定地位的官员。当“舆”义为“贱官”时,“舆人”是指管理车舆的官员。当“舆”义为“众”时,“舆人”即指众臣。“舆人”所指称的众臣并没有特定的范围,常指擅长运用“诵”的方式讽谏时事,为国君出谋划策、排忧解难的大臣。

Zuozhuan(《左传》)refers to“yuren(舆人)”in many places,and scholars have always had different opinions about who exactly“yuren(舆人)”refers to.From a linguistic perspective,first clarify the various meanings of“yu(舆)”,analyze the implicit meaning of“ren(人)”in Qre-Qin literature,and explain the different meanings of“yu(舆)”as a monosyllabic word and its participation in word formation with different morpheme meanings.By combining the context of the text of Zuozhuan(《左传》)and previous annotations,we aim to explore the true connotation of“yuren(舆人)”in Zuozhuan(《左传》).The monosyllabic words“yu(舆)”and“ren(人)”form the disyllabic phrase“yuren(舆人)”,which is used in the Zuo Zhuan(《左传》)to refer to officials with a certain status.When“yu(舆)”means“lowly official”,“yuren(舆人)”refers to the official in charge of the management of the vehicle.When“yu(舆)”means“public”,“yuren(舆人)”refers to the ministers.Although there is no specific scope for the ministers referred to by“yuren(舆人)”,they particularly refer to ministers who are skilled in using recitation to satirize and advise current affairs,provide advice and solve problems for the monarch.