场域理论视角下民族传统体育文化再生产研究——以查干湖渔猎文化节为例

On the Reproduction of National Traditional Sports Culture from the Perspective of Field Theory——Taking Chagan Lake Fishing and Hunting Culture Festival as an Example

查干湖冬捕是流传于吉林省松原市郭尔罗斯县蒙古族中的一项民族传统体育活动,也是一项传承近千年的民族传统体育项目。文章借助布迪厄的文化再生产理论,基于场域理论视角下对查干湖渔猎文化节这一非物质文化遗产的起源、发展与传承进行研究。研究认为:查干湖渔猎活动以蒙古族的宗教信仰、祈福信仰以及生产劳作等形式为溯源和文化内核而形成,而后随着社会背景的不断变迁,对其所依附的政治场域、传承场域以及自身的宗教场域进行主动调试,从而维持其文化再生产的客观稳定结构。现在的查干湖冬捕渔猎文化节存在着“形存神离”的倾向,为了将这一民俗文化活动进行传承,应通过提高传承参与主体的责任认同意识,促进传承场域文化自觉的形成,提高宣传带动效应以及将传统与现代有机结合等措施来保证这一民族传统体育文化“形存神聚”,更好地延续下去。

Chagan Lake winter fishing is a folk activity popular among the Mongolian people in guoerlos County,Songyuan City,Jilin Province,and a folk culture and sports activity inherited for nearly a thousand years.With the help of Bourdieu's theory of cultural reproduction,this article studies the origin,development and inheritance of Chagan Lake fishing and hunting Cultural Festival,an intangible cultural heritage,from the perspective of field.It is believed that the fishing and hunting activities in Chagan Lake are formed by the Mongolian religious belief,blessing belief and production and labor as the source and cultural core,and then with the continuous change of social background,the political field,inheritance field and its own religious field are actively adjusted,so as to maintain the objective and stable structure of cultural reproduction.The current Chagan Lake winter fishing,fishing and hunting Cultural Festival has a tendency of‘form,spirit and separation’.In order to better inherit this folk cultural activity,measures such as improving the sense of responsibility identification of the inheritance participants,promoting the formation of cultural consciousness in the inheritance field,improving the publicity and driving effect,and organically combining tradition and modernity should be taken to ensure that this folk culture‘form,spirit and unity’,so as to better continue.