我国农村老龄政策演进研究——基于1982-2021年农村老龄政策的文本分析

Research on the Evolution of China's Rural Aging Policy:Text Analysis Based on Rural Aging Policies from 1982 to 2021

农村老龄政策是农村老龄社会治理的重要组成部分,也是实现乡村振兴战略的重要保障,对我国1982-2021年农村老龄政策的文本进行可视化分析和政策工具定性分析,结果表明:(1)农村老龄政策体系呈现明显演变特点,从满足基本生活需求转向关注精神发展需求,实现了起步阶段到发展阶段再到转型阶段的质的飞跃;(2)农村老龄政策工具网络尚未完全形成,政策工具之间缺乏联动协调,暂未完全形成彼此呼应配合的政策结构,存在结构比例失调以及使用单一的情况。因而,在高质量发展需求以及社会主要矛盾转型的背景下,未来农村老龄政策应重点关注打破农村内部发展不平衡、赋能型政策充分发展、激发养老服务供给内生动力等多方面。

Rural aging policy is an important part of rural aging social governance and an important guarantee to realize the strategy of rural revitalization.The visual analysis and qualitative analysis of the text of China's rural aging policies from 1982 to 2021 are carried out.The results show that:(1)the rural aging policy system presents obvious evolution characteristics,from meeting the basic needs of life to focusing on the needs of spiritual development,achieving a qualitative leap from the initial stage to the development stage and then to the transition stage;(2)the network of policy tools for the elderly in rural areas has not been fully formed,and the policipes are out of proportion in structure and of single emptoyment.The corresponding policy structure has not been fully formed yet,and the structure proportion is out of proportion and the use is single.Therefore,in the context of high-quality development needs and the transformation of major social contradictions,the future rural aging policies should focus on breaking the imbalance of rural internal development,fully developing enabling policies,stimulating the internal power of the supply of elderly care services and other aspects.