批判法益论的另一种可能——一个刑罚哲学的视角

Another Possibility of Criticizing the Theory of Rechtgut:A Perspective of Penalty Philosophy

法益论是我国目前刑法学理的通说,但在一些问题上已经暴露了其弊端。刑罚正当性属于刑罚哲学的范畴,对其探讨能够启发对法益论的审视。目前刑罚正当性的回答有两大趋势:报应主义与功利主义的融合趋势,认为刑罚正当性来源于内部与外部;规范重构主义的兴起,力图借助黑格尔哲学碎片将刑罚视作话语主义的表达。刑罚理论为批判法益论提供了新的视角,前者认为法益论无法完全解决刑事立法的问题、无法完全囊括责任的概念;后者认为法益论过分注重法益的地位、在某些问题上忽视人的主体性;两者皆认为法益论的方法论过于狭隘,应当予以改造。刑法教义学研究应当更加注重与刑罚理论的融贯,并为与其他学科沟通做好准备。

The theory of Rechtgut is the current doctrine of criminal law in China,but it has exposed its drawbacks on some issues.The justification of punishment belongs to the category of the philosophy of penalty law,and probing into it can enlighten the review of the theory of law and benefit.At present,there are two trends in the answer to the justification of punishment:the convergence trend of retributivism and utilitarianism,which is that the justification of punishment originates from internal and external,and the rise of reconstructivism tries to use the fragments of Hegel's philosophy as the expression of utterance.The theory of punishment provides a new sight to rethink the theory of Rechtgut.The former thought that the theory of legal Rechtgut could not completely solve the problems of criminal legislation,and could not fully include the concepts of responsibility;the latter thought that the theory of Rechtgut was too focused on the position of legal benefit and neglected the subjectivity of human beings in some problems.Both of them thought that the methodology of the theory of law is too narrow to be reformed.Criminal law dogmatik should integrate with punishment theory and prepare for interdisciplinary research.