多头季铵盐表面活性剂的合成及性能评价

Study on preparation and performance of multi-headgroup quaternary ammonium surfactant

以不同碳链长度的卤代烷、氯化苄、1,4-对二氯苄为原料合成了双头季铵盐表面活性剂(BTAE-n)和四头季铵盐表面活性剂(PTAE-n)。用HPLC,FT-IR,1H NMR和LC-MS对合成的表面活性剂进行结构表征,并对表面活性剂的Krafft点、乳化性能、润湿性能、起泡性能四个方面进行表面性能的评价。结果表明BTAE-n和PTAE-n表面活性剂的Krafft点均小于0℃,表现出较好的水溶性和低温溶解性。与苯扎氯铵相比,BTAE-n与PTAE-n的表面活性剂有更好的泡沫稳定性,并且随着烷基长链的碳个数的增加起泡性能下降,而乳化性能增加。接触角的测定结果表明润湿性能BTAE-n优于PTAE-n。根据抑菌、杀菌性能评价结果可知,BTAE-n和PTAE-n对革兰氏阳性菌(金黄色葡萄球菌)和革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌)以及真菌(白色念珠菌)表现出有效的抑菌、杀菌活性,并且相同碳链的四头季铵盐优于双头季铵盐的效果,在相同的类型中随着碳链长度的增加,抑菌、杀菌效果更好。

Bi-headgroup quaternary ammonium surfactant(BTAE-n)and tetra-headgroup quaternary ammonium surfactant(PTAE-n)were synthesized from alkyl halides with different carbon chain length,benzyl chloride andα,α’-dichlorop-xylene.The structure of products was characterized by HPLC,FT-IR,1H NMR and LC-MS,and the Krafft temperature,emulsifying properties,wetting properties and foam properties of the surfactants were evaluated.The results show that the Krafft temperatures of BTAE-n and PTAE-n are both lower than 0℃,indicative of good water solubility and lowtemperature solubility.Compared with benzalkonium chloride,BTAE-n and PTAE-n have better foam stability.Their foaming performance decreases with the increase of carbon number of alkyl chain,while the emulsification performance increases.The results of contact angle measurement show that the wetting ability of BTAE-n is better than that of PTAE-n.According to the evaluation results of bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties,BTAE-n and PTAE-n show effective bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against gram-positive bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus),gram-negative bacteria(Escherichia coli)and fungi(Candida albicans),and the effectiveness of tetra-headgroup quaternary ammonium salts is better than that of bi-headgroup quaternary ammonium salts with the same carbon chain.For the surfactants of the same type,the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects are better with the increase of carbon chain length.