水环境样品中表面活性剂检测方法研究进展

Research progress on detection methods of surfactants in water samples from environment

表面活性剂被广泛应用于洗涤剂、乳化剂等日用化学品,随生活污水排入水环境中,浓度过高将对生态环境造成风险,威胁人体健康。由于水环境中表面活性剂种类复杂、结构不一,且存在基质干扰,因此,需进行净化富集等前处理,并结合精准的仪器分析,才能实现有效识别和定量。文章综述了含有表面活性剂的水环境样品常用的萃取法、超滤法、泡沫分离法等前处理技术及两相滴定法、电化学分析法、色谱法、光谱法等检测分析方法。并通过梳理各方法的适用条件、范围及优缺点,提出前处理和检测方法的选择取决于表面活性剂的特性和浓度;指出在线萃取富集和自动化联用技术以及便携式现场快速实时检测技术是表面活性剂检测的未来研究重点。该文旨在为水环境中表面活性剂的监测和评估提供理论依据与技术支撑。

Surfactants have been widely used in detergents,emulsifiers and other daily chemicals,however,surfactants could cause risks to the ecological environment and human health when discharged with domestic sewage into the water environment if the surfactant concentration were too high.Therefore,it is important to monitor and quantify the surfactants in water environment.Due to the diversity in types and structures of surfactants present in the water environment,as well as the presence of matrix interference,pretreatment such as purification and enrichment is needed and should be combined with accurate instrumental analysis,thus to achieve effective identification and quantification.Herein,the commonly used pretreatment technology for water samples containing surfactants has been reviewed,including liquid-liquid extraction,solid phase extraction,solid phase micro extraction,magnetic solid-phase extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction,as well as the analysis methods including two-phase titration,electrochemical analysis,chromatography,spectroscopy,etc.By sorting out the applicable condition,range,and advantages and disadvantages of each method,it is suggested that the selection of pretreatment and detection method depends on the characteristics and concentration of surfactants.It is pointed out that,the technology of on-line extraction and enrichment,the automation and the portable on-site rapid realtime detection are the focuses of future research on surfactant detection.This paper could provide a reference basis for the monitoring and assessment of surfactants in water environment.