不同补光时段对火龙果花芽、果实及产量的影响

Effects of Different Supplementary Light Periods on Flower Buds,Fruits,and Yield of Pitaya

为确定火龙果最佳补光方案,以促进花芽形成,实现提早上市,进而提升种植户效益,最终为火龙果产业发展提供科学依据。以金都1号火龙果为试验对象,选用前期补光试验效果显著的FDD光质(红︰绿︰蓝=23︰75︰2)作为补光处理,研究不同补光时段对其花芽分化、成花枝率、果实生长发育及产量等方面的影响。结果表明:火龙果单株花芽分化数量以半夜补光处理(22:30—2:30)最佳,为10.8个,其次为傍晚(18:30—22:30)补光,为3.1个,凌晨(2:30—6:30)补光最差,为0.4个;成花枝率、单批产量以半夜补光处理表现最佳,分别为31.9%、9474 kg/hm^(2),其次为傍晚,分别为16.5%、4693 kg/hm^(2),凌晨最差,分别为9%、2940 kg/hm^(2);补光处理能促早开花,比不补光CK对照组提前开花的1批,提前15 d。在以FDD光质作为火龙果补光处理的基础之上,半夜补光处理在花芽分化、成花枝率、产量等方面效果最显著,建议在火龙果产业发展中大面积推广应用。

To determine the best supplementary light scheme for pitaya,improve its fruit yield and quality,improve the benefits of growers,and finally provide a scientific basis for the development of the pitaya industry.Taking Jindu No.1 pitaya as the test object,the FDD light quality(red:green:blue=23:75:2)with a significant effect in the preliminary supplemen-tary-light test was selected as the supplementary light treatment to study the flower bud differentiation,The effect of flowering branch rate,fruit growth,and development and yield.The number of flower bud differentiation per plant of pitaya was 10.8 in the middle of the night(22:30—2:30),followed by 3.1 in the evening(18:30—22:30),and 3.1 in the early morning(2:30—6:30)the worst is 0.4.The flowering branch rate and single batch yield were the best at 31.9%and 9474 kg·hm^(-2) in the mid-night light supplement treatment,followed by 16.5%and 4693 kg·hm^(-2) in the evening,and the worst at 9%and 2940 kg·hm^(-2) in the early morning;supplemental light treatment can promote early flowering,flowering one batch earlier than the CK con-trol group without supplementary light,15 days earlier.Based on FDD light quality as supplemental light treatment for pitaya,the midnight-supplemental light treatment was the most effective in bud differentiation,flowering branch rate,and yield,and it is recommended to be widely applied in the development of the pitaya industry.