小叶苦丁枝条提取物的植物乳杆菌发酵代谢组分析

Analysis of ExtracTSof Ligustrum robustum(Rxob.)Blume Twigs Fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum Based on Metabolomics

小叶苦丁枝条是小叶苦丁茶生产过程中的废弃物,数量巨大,一般以焚烧的方式处理,造成了不可忽视的环境污染和资源浪费。为实现小叶苦丁枝条资源化利用,作者以益生菌植物乳杆菌对小叶苦丁枝条水提物进行发酵,用LC-MS非靶向代谢组方法研究了小叶苦丁枝条提取物发酵前后物质的构成、分布与变化。通过PCA、PLS-DA等多元统计方法分析发现,小叶苦丁枝条提取物经植物乳杆菌发酵前后存在显著差异的代谢物共175种,其中发酵后上调的100种,下调的75种。单变量统计排名前25的差异代谢物中包含肽类3种,碳水化合物1种,核酸类4种,脂类1种,有机酸1种,黄酮1种,其他14种,这些差异代谢物涉及11条差异显著的代谢途径,其中6条为氨基酸代谢途径。差异代谢物中,发酵后相对含量提高915倍的川皮苷、提高11倍的鹅肌肽等具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌、降血糖等生理活性。同时抗生素庆大霉素C1a、林卡霉素发酵后分别提升22672倍和62倍,表明采用乳酸菌发酵技术资源化利用小叶苦丁枝条具有一定的可行性,但还需进一步的安全评估。

The twigs of Ligustrum robustum(Rxob.)Blume are the waste generated during the production of small leaf Kuding tea.The large quantity of waste is typically incinerated,resulting in significant environmental pollution and resource waste.To promote the resource utilization of the twigs of Ligustrum robustum(Rxob.)Blume,Lactobacillus plantarum was used to ferment iTSwater extract,and then the composition,distribution and changes of the substances before and after the fermentation were detected by LC-MS non-targeted metabolomics technology.Multivariate statistical analysis methods including PCA and PLS-DA identified 175 different metabolites that demonstrated significant changes in metabolites before and after the fermentation of Ligustrum robustum(Rxob.)Blume twigs extracts,with 100 up-regulated and 75 down-regulated.The top 25 differential metabolites in univariate statistics included 3 peptides,1 carbohydrate,4 nucleic acids,1 lipid,1 organic acid,1 flavonoid,and 14 other metabolites,involving 11 significantly different metabolic pathways,of which 6 were amino acids metabolic pathways.The differential metabolites included 915-fold increased Nobiletin and 11-fold enhanced Anserine,both of which have physiological activities such as antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anticancer,and hypoglycemic effects.Meanwhile,the content of antibiotics Gentamicin.C1a and Lincomycin after fermentation were increased by 22000 times and 66 times,respectively.The resulTSdemonstrate that Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation technology for the resource utilization of Ligustrum robustum(Rxob.)Blume twigs is feasible,but further safety assessment is required.