面向精细化的品质提升:日本城市绿色空间评价认证体系的发展与实践研究

Towards the Delicate Quality Improvement:Research on the Development and Practice of Urban Green Space Evaluation and Certification System in Japan

城市绿色空间评价认证体系能够为城市绿色空间的建设提供标准,为人居环境与生态系统的耦合提供依据,为绿色空间的精细化发展助力。20世纪50—90年代,日本城市绿色空间的规划管理理念经历了从以“量”为纲的被动调控到以“效”为纲的量化探索的转变,相关机构在20世纪90年代后期开始尝试构建以“质”为纲的评价认证制度,城市绿色空间的规划管理进入精细化品质提升阶段。从制定目标、评价体系和评审机制3个方面介绍了以SEGES、JHEP和ABINC为代表的日本城市绿色空间评价体系,总结其异同,进而结合实例大手町之森展开全面立体的对比分析,最后从机制探索、制度构建和评价实施3个方面,总结了日本相关经验对中国城市绿色空间营建的借鉴意义。

Urban green space evaluation and certification systems can set standards for the construction of urban green space,provide the basis for the coupling of human settlements and ecosystems,and facilitate the delicate development of urban green space.The planning and management notion of urban green space in Japan was transformed from negative control with"quantity"to quantitative exploration with"efficiency"between the 1950s and the 1990s.Relevant institutions started to establish the evaluation and certification system based on quality since the late 1990s,which marked the entrance of delicate development stage of urban green space plan and management.The article analyzes three representative systems in Japan,namely SEGES,JHEP and ABINC,from the aspects of target,index system and evaluation mechanism.It also employs the example of Otemachi Forest to conduct an in-depth comparison.Finally,it summarizes the inspiration for China's urban green space development from the Japanese experience in aspects of mechanism exploration,system building and evaluation implementation.