“一带一路”倡议对中国天然气价格形成机制的影响

The impact of the Belt and Road on the formation mechanism of China’s natural gas price

中国是天然气进口大国。“亚洲溢价”和国内“双轨制”定价模式交织引发价格倒挂问题,导致中国天然气价格形成机制严重扭曲。为同时保障生产者和消费者福利,不能单向传导式地“以外定内”进行顺价,而应通过提升天然气定价权博弈能力,不断降低天然气进口成本,“一带一路”倡议的推进为此提供了重要契机。笔者从多元化进口来源、增强市场灵活性、加大海外投资和推进买方合作等四个方面,深入分析了将中国天然气进口需求转变成与出口国议价的权利来源。

China is a major importer of natural gas.The interweaving of“Asian premium”and domestic“double-track”pricing model has caused the problem of price inversion,leading to serious distortion of China’s natural gas price formation mechanism.In order to ensure the benefits of producers and consumers at the same time,it is can not carry out a one-way sequential-pricing mechanismof“external pricing decides internal pricing”.Instead,it is necessary to constantly reduce the cost of natural gas import by improving the game ability of natural gas pricing power.The Belt and Road provides an important opportunity for this.This paper does an in-depth analysis of transforming China’s natural gas import demand into a source of power to negotiate with exporting countries from four aspects:diversifying import sources,enhancing market flexibility,increasing overseas investment,and promoting buyer cooperation.