美国军用GPS用户设备发展研究

Research on development of military GPS user equipment in the United States

为了进一步建设和发展北斗三号全球卫星导航系统(BDS-3)用户设备,研究分析美国军用GPS用户设备项目概况、当前进展和存在问题,并提出相关启示建议:指出二十多年来,美国一直致力于对全球定位系统(GPS)进行现代化改造,以使用一种更具抗干扰性的军码(M码)信号,为此,美国空军和太空军开发具有M码能力的军用GPS用户设备,其核心是M码板卡,各军种将其集成到专用GPS接收机中,用于车辆、飞机、舰船和其他武器系统;并简述军用GPS用户设备项目概况和进展情况,总结出M码板卡的开发相比计划出现了不同程度的延迟,因此,各军种与之相配套的M码接收机的开发、集成、测试和部署也面临延迟,M码能力的完全形成仍需时日;然后针对项目存在的需求估计不准、面临技术挑战、进度大幅滞后、数据严重不足等问题,分析相关应对措施;最后从顶层设计、发展规划、设备研制等方面提出相关启示建议,为北斗三号全球卫星导航系统用户设备建设发展提供参考和借鉴。

In order to further build and develop the user equipment of the Beidou-3 global navigation satellite system(BDS-3),the paper studied and analyzed the general situation,current progress and existing problems of the US military GPS user equipment project,and put forward relevant suggestions:for more than twenty years,the United States has been working to modernize the global positioning system(GPS)to use a more anti-jamming military code(M-code)signal,and to this end,the U.S.Air Force and Space Force have developed military GPS user equipment(MGUE)with M-code capability,the core of which is an M-code card that is integrated into specified GPS receivers by the services for use in vehicles,aircraft,ships and other weapon systems;and the overview and progress of MGUE was briefly described,concluding that the development of M-code cards has been delayed to varying degrees compared with the plan,and as a result,the development,integration,testing and deployment of the M-code receivers based on M-code cards for the services are also facing delays,and the full development of M-code capability will still take time;then,in response to the problems such as inaccurate demand estimation,technical challenges,significant progress lag and serious lack of data in the project,relevant countermeasures were analyzed;finally,some suggestions were put forward in terms of top-level design,development planning,equipment development,etc.,providing a reference for the construction and development of BDS-3 user equipment.