跑步经济性——神经肌肉因素与力量训练的影响

Running Economy:Influence of Neuromuscular Factors and Strength Training

目的:分析神经肌肉因素与力量训练对跑步经济性(Running Economy,RE)的影响。方法:本文主要针对四方面进行了回顾总结:1)RE的测量和评价方式,2)神经肌肉因素对RE的影响,3)力量训练对RE的影响,4)耐力项目的力量训练安排。结果:神经肌肉因素是制约RE的重要方面,且力量训练相比耐力训练和和高原训练,能够通过提高运动单位募集水平、拉伸-缩短循环功能、肌肉肌腱刚度等方式提高RE,其应用前景更高。结论:耐力运动员需要更加科学化的选择评价RE的方式和提高RE的力量训练方法,以及力量训练在周期训练中的合理嵌入,从而提高耐力水平。

Objective:To analyze the effects of neuromuscular factors and strength training on running economy(RE).Method:This paper mainly reviewed and summarized four aspects:1) the measurement and evaluation methods of RE,2) the influence of neuromuscular factors on RE,3) the influence of strength training on RE,and 4) the strength training arrangement of endurance events.Result:Neuromuscular factors are an important aspect of restricting RE.Compared with endurance training and altitude training,strength training can improve RE by improving motor unit recruitment,stretching-shortening cycle function,and muscle and tendon stiffness.Its application prospects higher.Conclusion:Endurance athletes need more scientific methods to evaluate RE and strength training methods to improve RE,as well as reasonable embedding of strength training in periodic training,so as to improve endurance level.