优秀男子举重运动员肘关节屈伸肌群等速肌力特征研究

Study of Isometric Muscle Strength Characteristics of Elbow Flexor Muscle Group in Outstanding Male Weightlifters

目的:探讨优秀男子举重运动员肘关节屈伸肌群等速肌力特征及变化规律,为专项力量训练及同类研究提供理论参考。方法:采用美国CYBEX-Norm770型等速力量测试系统,测评山西省男子举重队7名现役运动员不同角速度下(30°/s、180°/s、)肘关节屈伸肌群等速肌力相关参数。结果:1)男子举重运动员双侧肘关节屈伸肌PT/BW随测试速度增加整体上呈现下降趋势(30°/s→180°/s);在同一测试速度下,右侧伸肌PT/BW显著高于左侧(P<0.05)。2)男子举重运动员双侧肘关节F/E随测试速度的增加而增大,测试速度为30°/s时,右侧肘关节F/E偏低仅为66%。3)男子举重运动员双侧肘关节屈伸肌AP随着测试速度的增加而增大。测试速度为180°/s时,右侧屈伸肌AP显著高于左侧(P<0.05)。结论:1)山西省优秀男子举重运动员双侧肘关节屈伸肌的肌力发展不均衡,右侧伸肌最大力量、快速力量显著大于左侧。运动员需要加强左侧肱三头肌、肱肌等伸肌的力量训练;同时在技术训练时,注重两侧肢体用力的对称性,实现双侧肘关节肌群均衡发展。2)未来研究应进一步确定优秀举重运动员AP下降的速度阈值,并加强在该阈值范围内的力量训练,以提高运动员快速力量水平。

Objective:To explore the characteristics and changing rules of isokinetic muscle strength of elbow joint flexors and extensors of elite male weightlifters,so as to provide theoretical reference for special strength training and similar research.Methods:The CYBEX Norm770 isokinetic strength test system of the United States was used to evaluate the isokinetic muscle strength related parameters of elbow flexors and extensors of 7 men's weightlifting teams in Shanxi Province at different angular speeds(30°/s,180°/s,).Results:1) The PT/BW of bilateral elbow flexors and extensors of male weightlifters decreased with the increase of test speed(30°/s→ 180°/s);At the same test speed,PT/BW of right extensor was significantly higher than that of left extensor(P<0.05).2) The F/E of male weightlifters' bilateral elbow joints increases with the increase of test speed.When the test speed is 30°/s,the F/E of the right elbow joint is only 66% lower.3) The AP of both elbow joint flexors and extensors of male weightlifters increased with the increase of test speed.When the test speed was 180°/s,the AP of the right flexor extensor was significantly higher than that of the left(P<0.05).Conclusion:1) The development of muscle strength of bilateral elbow joint flexors and extensors of elite male weightlifters in Shanxi Province is uneven,and the maximum strength and rapid strength of the right extensors are significantly greater than the left.Athletes need to strengthen the strength training of extensors such as left triceps brachii and bacchius muscle;At the same time,during the technical training,we should pay attention to the symmetry of the strength of both limbs to achieve balanced development of bilateral elbow muscle groups.2) Future research should further determine the speed threshold of AP decline for elite weightlifters,and strengthen the strength training within the threshold range to improve the fast strength level of athletes.